. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 25-31. Forests and forestry. the 10 should be felled as a matter of fire prevention as well as for benefit of the forest. SOIL FIRES: These fires can be stopped only by digging deep enough to prevent their spread. The ditch, as well as the surface should be flooded if possible. This, however, is seldom possible. Where a soil fire has a good start it may be cheaper to blast a ditch than to dig one. Well-placed dynamite will do effective work in a short time. CROWN FIRES: We have few crown fires in Pennsylvania. Natural conditions as to topog
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 25-31. Forests and forestry. the 10 should be felled as a matter of fire prevention as well as for benefit of the forest. SOIL FIRES: These fires can be stopped only by digging deep enough to prevent their spread. The ditch, as well as the surface should be flooded if possible. This, however, is seldom possible. Where a soil fire has a good start it may be cheaper to blast a ditch than to dig one. Well-placed dynamite will do effective work in a short time. CROWN FIRES: We have few crown fires in Pennsylvania. Natural conditions as to topography and growth are the best means of stopping any that may occur. SURFACE FIRES: This is the kind of fires which occur most frequently in Pennsylvania. If there is little wind the flames may be put out by beating with branches (pine preferred), shovels, and wet burlap. Fire fighters should beat the flames with a side sweep toward the fire to avoid spreading sparks. Sweeping with old. How a Forest Fire Bums When There is no Wind.* brooms, brooms made of branches, or steel brooms, is better than beating. The burning material may be pushed back upon the burned- over ground with rakes, sticks, forks, or other tools. The idea is to separate the burning material from that not yet afire. W^ater is always effective, but too frequently dependence is placed on it, and when it is not available fire fighters seem to be at a loss to know how to make their attack. The fire can be smothered by throwing on dry or moist sand or dirt. If it is possible to plow, a furrow may be thrown up quickly to restrict the spread of the fire. Sometimes small or lightly-burning fires are beaten out. If no trail is cleared to the bare ground entirely around the burned area, here and there small pieces of smouldering wood may be fanned into flame and the fire may again break out. It is always a safe practice to make a clean trail with exposed mineral earth entirely around the burned area. •This cut and thos
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