A manual of practical medical electricity : the Röntgen rays and Finsen light . he chlorine to the anode. Put generally, we obtain oxygen and acids at the anode,and hydrogen and alkalies at the kathode. Between theelectrodes no change can be detected. In explanation ofthis phenomenon the following theory, first propoundedby Grotthuss, and modified by Clausius, is the one usuahyaccepted. 172 A Manual of Practical Medical Electricity Theory of Grotthuss and Clausius. The greater number of the particles in an electrolyteexist in a dissociated condition ; they exist as ions, andare, before the cur
A manual of practical medical electricity : the Röntgen rays and Finsen light . he chlorine to the anode. Put generally, we obtain oxygen and acids at the anode,and hydrogen and alkalies at the kathode. Between theelectrodes no change can be detected. In explanation ofthis phenomenon the following theory, first propoundedby Grotthuss, and modified by Clausius, is the one usuahyaccepted. 172 A Manual of Practical Medical Electricity Theory of Grotthuss and Clausius. The greater number of the particles in an electrolyteexist in a dissociated condition ; they exist as ions, andare, before the current is passed, arranged and movingabout in every conceivable manner (Fig. 98). When acurrent is passed they become arranged in a definite order,the anions being directed towards the positive pole, andthe kations towards the negative pole (Fig. 98). Supposewe are dealing with dilute sulphuric acid : the currentturns the hydrogen towards the kathode, and the sulphiontowards the anode ; these then commence to migrate totheir respective poles, but the molecule sulphion, imme- +. H, ao» Hj ;\ Fig. .—Theory of Electrolysis. In the first row the molecules are indefinitely arranged ; in the secondthey are arranged in proper order to migrate ; in the third theyhave migrated, and are recombining, except at the electrodes,where they are free. diately meeting with a molecule of hydrogen, which ismigrating in the opposite direction, recombines with it,and in a corresponding way an interchange of partnersgoes on all along the line (Fig. 98), but the moleculesnearest to the electrodes, finding no partner to combinewith, are set free. The dissociated and wandering ionsare supposed to be seized by the entering current, to be Electro-Physiology 173 utilized as a means of transport through the solution. Ifthis be so, it follows that the more dissociated the ionsin any solution may be, the more easily will the currentbe able to get through ; that is to say, the conductivityof an electrol
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