. Botany for high schools. Botany. NUTRITION OF PARASITES AND SAPROPHYTES 135 excretes the diastase, which acts on the starch in the rice, convert- ing it into sugar. Taka diastase is very powerful and abundant. It is extracted from the fungus and sold for medicinal purposes. It is used by people who have weak digestion to aid in the digestion of starchy foods. Many of the plant diastases are very powerful; a small quantity can dissolve a great deal of starch without in the least diminishing its activity. Recent investigations tend to show that a diastase (called zymase) is produced by the yea
. Botany for high schools. Botany. NUTRITION OF PARASITES AND SAPROPHYTES 135 excretes the diastase, which acts on the starch in the rice, convert- ing it into sugar. Taka diastase is very powerful and abundant. It is extracted from the fungus and sold for medicinal purposes. It is used by people who have weak digestion to aid in the digestion of starchy foods. Many of the plant diastases are very powerful; a small quantity can dissolve a great deal of starch without in the least diminishing its activity. Recent investigations tend to show that a diastase (called zymase) is produced by the yeast plant, which is the active agent in the alcoholic fermentation of sugar, and it would appear that there is not such a great differ- ence between organized and unorganized ferments, for it may be found that the active principle in all so-called organized ferments is an unorganized ferment or enzyme. Oil products in seeds, etc., are rendered available for plant food by a ferment called lipase, cellulose (in some seeds) by a ferment called cyfase, proteid bodies by ferments called proteases, and albuminoids by a tryptic ferment. BACTERIA. 320. The bacteria are very minute plants, some of them the smallest known organisms. Like the fungi they lack chlorophyll, and derive their carbohydrate food from living or dead organ- isms or from organic matter, since they are not able them- selves to fix carbon from the carbon dioxide of the air ex- cept in a few forms like the nitrite and nitrate bacteria (see paragraph 2co). They usually consist of a single cell with cell wall enclosing the proto- plasm. In form they are rod-like {Bacillus, Bacterium), thread-like and formed of many rod-like segments (Beggiotoa), in the form of a screw or spiral (Spirillum), spherical and single (Micrococcus), or a number of spheres in a chain (Streptococcus), or with the spheres in groups of four (Sarcina). They usually multiply by. Bacteria. Spores in Fig. loi. Bacillus subtilis. threads, unstained rods
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