. Fruits, vegetables and flowers, a non-technical manual for their culture. J,]iurr.).—Tliisfungus grows on the sur-face of the leaf, causing agrayish or wliitisli suli)liide. Crown Gall and Hairy Root [Bacterium tumefacien^, Smith and Town-send).—These two are tlue to the same organism. The crown gallsor root galls occur at the crown or on the roots and sometimes on thestems. They are more or less spherical, with irregular, roughentnl are hard and others soft, but they ixn^ all probably due to the simiecause. They are most severe on red nusj)berries, are veiy
. Fruits, vegetables and flowers, a non-technical manual for their culture. J,]iurr.).—Tliisfungus grows on the sur-face of the leaf, causing agrayish or wliitisli suli)liide. Crown Gall and Hairy Root [Bacterium tumefacien^, Smith and Town-send).—These two are tlue to the same organism. The crown gallsor root galls occur at the crown or on the roots and sometimes on thestems. They are more or less spherical, with irregular, roughentnl are hard and others soft, but they ixn^ all probably due to the simiecause. They are most severe on red nusj)berries, are veiy injurious to jKnich > Courtcay of PcDoaylvAai* Africulturftl Eiperiinent Station, St«U> College, Arii-K Ti{KB wirn Iypical Collar Bught.* Showing jjrojHT inctlKxl of cutfinR hack into healthybark Ix-fori treating with ]i:iint. DISEASES OF CROPS 203 trees and more or less injurious to apple trees, dependent somewhat on thevarieties. They also occur on pears, quinces, cherries, plums, grapes,roses and many other plants. The diseased tissues extend throughout a considerable partof the plant whichmakes cutting offof these malforma-tions a very uncer-tain treatment. The hairy rootappears under-ground as a massof fibrous roots andabove ground aswarty knots ontrunk and branch,and is sometimesmistaken for cank-ers, due to othercauses. Treatment.—Theorganismwhichcauses this diseaselives in the soil forseveral years, andcannot be eradi-cated except by along rotation ofcrops. It is unwiseto set orchards,especially peachorchards, in oldberry fields or otherfields known to beinfected or to useberries as inter-rowcrops in orchards. Nursery stock known to be infected should be de-stroyed. PEA
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