. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . 180° 178°W 176"W 174-W I72°W 170°W 168"W 16G'W 164-W 162'W 160*W of the continental shelf may be covered by pack ice, but it is ice-free by late spring or early summer. Water temperatures under the pack ice are near the freezing point of seawater (— C) while bottom water temperatures on the shelf in summer may reach 10 C or more in shallow nearshore areas. Potocsky (1975) has documented the wide annual variation in distribution of pack ice in the eastern Bering Sea for the 1
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . 180° 178°W 176"W 174-W I72°W 170°W 168"W 16G'W 164-W 162'W 160*W of the continental shelf may be covered by pack ice, but it is ice-free by late spring or early summer. Water temperatures under the pack ice are near the freezing point of seawater (— C) while bottom water temperatures on the shelf in summer may reach 10 C or more in shallow nearshore areas. Potocsky (1975) has documented the wide annual variation in distribution of pack ice in the eastern Bering Sea for the 17-year period 1954-70. Annual variations in surface and bottom water temperatures have also been observed (McLain and Favorite 1976, Maeda 1977, Bakkala and Smith 1978). Climatic conditions (see Ingraham, this volume) in the eastern Bering Sea appear to vary by multiyear cycles rather than randomly (Kihara 1977, McLain and Favorite 1976, Maeda 1977). These cycles are governed by the direction of prevailing winds. In years of northerly prevailing winds, the distribution of pack ice extends farther south and Alaskan Stream water entering the southeastern Bering Sea from the North Pacific Ocean is prevented from intruding onto the continental shelf. Southerly prevailing winds, on the other hand, limit the southward ad- vance of pack ice in winter and allow Alaskan Stream
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionamericana, bookdecade1980, bookspo
