Logging; the principles and general methods of operation in the United States . then placing short skids 2 or 3feet apart across them. This crowds the sled towards the bank. Main yarding roads are generally built by a special road secondary roads are laid out and constructed by the swamp-ers while preparing the logs for skidding. Easy grades are de-sirable both for main and secondary roads, but are not absolutelyessential because the speed of loaded sleds can be checked onsteep pitches by a snub-line or a bridle. l62 LOGGING The snub-line consists of a i|-inch or 2-inch manila rope, o
Logging; the principles and general methods of operation in the United States . then placing short skids 2 or 3feet apart across them. This crowds the sled towards the bank. Main yarding roads are generally built by a special road secondary roads are laid out and constructed by the swamp-ers while preparing the logs for skidding. Easy grades are de-sirable both for main and secondary roads, but are not absolutelyessential because the speed of loaded sleds can be checked onsteep pitches by a snub-line or a bridle. l62 LOGGING The snub-line consists of a i|-inch or 2-inch manila rope, oneend of which is fastened securely to the load. The other end isgiven two or three turns around a stump at the head of the gradeand gradually paid out as the sled descends, the speed beingcontrolled by means of a brake on the stump. A bridle is a chain passed around a runner in front of the is put on and removed as circumstances demand. A clevisattached under the forward part of a runner sometimes replacesit. Bridles can only be used on smooth ground, otherwise the. Fig. 37. Yarding-sled Trails leading down to a Skidway on aTwo-sled Road. ISIaine. chains catch on roots and other obstructions and stop the chains, which bind together the rear end of the load, alsoact as impediments and assist in the control of the sleds. Aidedby any of these devices, teams with loaded sleds can go downslopes, up which they cannot return with empty sleds. Thegeneral scheme of roads is shown in Fig. 37. The cost of constructing main yard roads ranges between $60and $100 per mile. Two-sled Roads. — The road system for an operation on whichthe_ logs are to be transported on two-sleds, comprises a main SLEDS AND SLED-HAULING 163 road over which all the traffic passes to the landing, and second-ary roads which radiate from it to the skidways. The roads arelaid out by the camp foreman usually without the aid of survey-ing instruments, although in recent years, progressive woodsmenha
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