. Social England; a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . ch besethim from the Lord as he was of six earldoms, and ofall tin. vast domains of the bouse of Lancaster, master of manyconfiscated estates, neither these nor the lands and revenues ofthe Crown sufficed to meet the ex])enses of garrisons and fleets,and of endless wars, and above all, tlie insatiable claims of thosewhose support he had to buy with promises beyond his meansto fulfil. In his first y
. Social England; a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . ch besethim from the Lord as he was of six earldoms, and ofall tin. vast domains of the bouse of Lancaster, master of manyconfiscated estates, neither these nor the lands and revenues ofthe Crown sufficed to meet the ex])enses of garrisons and fleets,and of endless wars, and above all, tlie insatiable claims of thosewhose support he had to buy with promises beyond his meansto fulfil. In his first year, the pensions already granted amountedto .£24,0()(), a sum more than liis whole roj-al and privaterevenues from land. (Jalais alone cost £30,000 a year: Irelandand Wales and the Marclies at least as nmch again: thehousehold about the same. (Jn the other hand, even withall the subsidies and grants of increased customs, whichthe most moving statements of the royal needs won from ties. THE REIGX OF HEXEY IV 335 1485 J the reluctant Coininmis, his average animal revenue seemsto have reached little more than The ChiefJustices statement to Parliament in 1401 showed that at. TOlin OF IIKMLV I\ , 1 A\ I KV 1 Al II least was needed for tlie ordinary annual expensesof the realm. No wonder then that the Commons made hold so earl}- as1401 to claim that redress should precede Supplv. This time69 ?.SC, THE CLOSE OF THE UIDDLE AGES. (1399 Claims tlie king refused; it was wiihout jirecedent, he said ; but never-Commons. tlieless the victory lay with the Couunons; for heiieoforth theymade it the rule to aimounee their money grant only on the lastday of the session, when the answers to ])etitions had beendeclared. This gave the (iinmiuns contrail of the purse: andwith that nmst go practical control of the whole we find them insisting on their freedom of debate, forcingthe king to accept advice on details of administratit)n, com-])laini
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