. The library of historic characters and famous events of all nations and all ages;. pirit and traditions of the Julii orthe Flavii. Among his measures there are two which in par-ticular recall the first Christian Emperor. As Constantinefounds, so Charles erects on a firmer basis, the connection ofChurch and State. Bishops and abbots are as essential a partof rising feudalism as counts and dukes. Their benefices areheld under the same conditions of fealty and the service inwar of their vassal tenants, not of the spiritual person himself;they have similar rights of jurisdiction, and are subject


. The library of historic characters and famous events of all nations and all ages;. pirit and traditions of the Julii orthe Flavii. Among his measures there are two which in par-ticular recall the first Christian Emperor. As Constantinefounds, so Charles erects on a firmer basis, the connection ofChurch and State. Bishops and abbots are as essential a partof rising feudalism as counts and dukes. Their benefices areheld under the same conditions of fealty and the service inwar of their vassal tenants, not of the spiritual person himself;they have similar rights of jurisdiction, and are subject aliketo the imperial ?nissi. The monarch tries often to restrict theclcrg\-, as persons, to spiritual duties ; quells the insubordina-tion of the monasteries ; endeavors to bring the seculars intoa monastic life by instituting and regulating chapters. Again,it was by him first that the payment of tithes, for which thepriesthood had long been pleading, was made compulsory inWestern Kurope, and the support of the ministers of religionintrusted to the laws of the State.—J.


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjecthistory, bookyear1902