. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. io6 The Junipers and long-pointed; they turn red-brown and become dry after about three years. The flowers open in spring; the staminate are oblong, with about 12 stamens, their broad comiectives red; the pistillate flowers are darker in color and composed of several ovate spreading, pointed scales each bearing about four ovules. The cones, which ripen in the first autumn, are abundantly pro- duced on the upper twigs; the
. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. io6 The Junipers and long-pointed; they turn red-brown and become dry after about three years. The flowers open in spring; the staminate are oblong, with about 12 stamens, their broad comiectives red; the pistillate flowers are darker in color and composed of several ovate spreading, pointed scales each bearing about four ovules. The cones, which ripen in the first autumn, are abundantly pro- duced on the upper twigs; they are globose, about 10 mm. in diameter, reddish brown, more or less glau- cous, composed of 8 or 10 scales with a ridged flattish or sunken apex tipped with a short sharp conic projec- tion; the seeds, of which there are 2 to 4 under each scale, are ovate, 3 mm. long, slightly flattened, sharp- pointed, light brown, and broadly winged. The wood is hard and strong, clear-grained, resi- nous and satiny, pale yellow Port Orford Cedar. , ,. .^ to nearly white; its specific gravity is about ; it is very durable, easily worked, and takes a good polish, and is largely used for interior finish of buildings and ships, also for fences, rail- road ties, posts, and matches. The resin is strongly diuretic and is also used as an insecticide. As an ornamental plant it is well known on the Pacific slope, and in Europe, but it does not thrive well in the eastern States. XIII. THE JUNIPERS GENUS JUNIPEKUS (TOURNEFORT) LINN^US UNIPERS are mostly scaly-leaved, evergreen trees or shrubs of the northern hemisphere, throughout which they are widely distributed from the arctic circle southward to the West Indies, the Canary islands, and the mountains of northern Africa, China and Japan. About 40 species are known, of which 12 arborescent and about 4 shrubby species occur in our area. They are of economic importance on account of the soft aro- matic wood, which is greatly valued, especially in the
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