Advanced Geography . insin the north,the Apen-nines extendtowards thesoutheast through the entire length of the peninsula of Italy. This range is older than the Alps and has no such lofty peaks as those rising on the northwest of the Po basin, but the upper parts of the Apennines are buried in snow all winter. Cold winds from the northeast often sweep over the Apennines, but the foothills and coastal plains southwest of the range are sheltered and pro-duce many kinds of fruit. Among these are oranges, lemons, olives and grapes. This region is also famous for mulberry trees. Silk is the most va
Advanced Geography . insin the north,the Apen-nines extendtowards thesoutheast through the entire length of the peninsula of Italy. This range is older than the Alps and has no such lofty peaks as those rising on the northwest of the Po basin, but the upper parts of the Apennines are buried in snow all winter. Cold winds from the northeast often sweep over the Apennines, but the foothills and coastal plains southwest of the range are sheltered and pro-duce many kinds of fruit. Among these are oranges, lemons, olives and grapes. This region is also famous for mulberry trees. Silk is the most valuable export from Italy. There are many volcanoes in southernItaly and the neighboring islands, but there is only one activevolcano on the mainland of Europe. That one is Vesuvius, nearthe bay of Naples, on the southwest coast of Italy. Many centuries ago the fertile sides of Vesuvius were coveredwith vines and olive trees. The people who then lived on theslopes of the volcano did not know that their home was near a. crater that might at any time pour forthlava and bury them. There came a time however1 when agreat cloud of steam and dust rose fromthe crater and spread far out over theland and the sea. Lightning playedamong the clouds, and showers ofashes fell on the groves, the vine-yards and the cities. For three days the thick dustshut out the sunlight. Brightflashes lit up the clouds, as thegases burst out and blew off thetop of the glowing mass of hot steam changed to rainand mingled with the ashes, mak-ing rivers of mud that flowed downthe mountain sides, sweeping awaythe vines and trees and burying thecities. When the eruption ceased, theVenetian layers of mud and ashes were so deep that no Gondolier, trace of the houses could be found. Centuriespassed and people no longer knew where thecities were buried ; but beneath new vineyards and mulberry grovesalay many works of art, and the ruins of temples, homes, bathsand paved streets. Some of these have now been dug
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