. Public School Physiology and Temperance. -fro motion, like the elbow; while others again have but little motion, as, forinstance, the slight move-ment of each individualspine upon its next neigh-bor. Let us examine theconstruction of a joint. Fig. 12 represents theknee after the skin andfat have been ends of the bonescoming together to form ajoint are covered with car-tilage, more or less elastic,according to its acts, in a measure,like a buffer, to arrest jarsin jumping or in cartilage, in turn, iscovered by a smooth lining,the synovial membrane,which
. Public School Physiology and Temperance. -fro motion, like the elbow; while others again have but little motion, as, forinstance, the slight move-ment of each individualspine upon its next neigh-bor. Let us examine theconstruction of a joint. Fig. 12 represents theknee after the skin andfat have been ends of the bonescoming together to form ajoint are covered with car-tilage, more or less elastic,according to its acts, in a measure,like a buffer, to arrest jarsin jumping or in cartilage, in turn, iscovered by a smooth lining,the synovial membrane,which is folded over theinner surface of the jointfrom one bone to the other,and forms a closed the sac is a smallquantity of fluid, the syno-via, secreted by the membrane. This fluid lubricates thejoint, like oil in machinery, and promotes free motion with-out friction. Outside this is a strong cap, holding the bonestogether. There are also extra bands, like bands of ribbon,stretching from one bone to another. Still outside all this. FlO. 12.—The niglu Knee Joint, showing howfirmly it is bound about by ligaments. THE BONES. 35 are the tendons of the muscles which move the limb, andfilling in and i-ounding oflF the joint there is always a certainamount of cellular tissue and fat. Last of all, the skin. 33. Care of the Body.—The degree of perfection withwhich growth and development from infancy to matuie agetake place, depends upon the care and attention the childreceives. The infant is helpless. It is unable to walk. Itshead is out of proportion to the rest of the body, its spinalcolumn is almost straight, and its legs are relatively it creeps about on all-fours, and gradually, as growthproceeds, changes of a distinguishing kind take place, andwhen adult age is reached, the full-grown man walks with hishead evenly balanced on the spinal column, supported only byhis lower limbs, while these in turn rest upon the archedinstep and broad soles of the feet. Durin
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