. Mediæval and modern history . the disorder and terror attending the invasion ofthe barbarians andthe overthrow of theEmpire in the movement drewwithin the circle ofits influence womenas well as men,and nunneries werefounded in greatnumbers, which weresubject to a disci-pline similar to thatof the monasteries. 30. The Rule ofSt. Benedict. Witha view to introduc-ing some sort ofregularity into thepractices and auster-ities of the monks,rules were earlyprescribed for their observance. The three essential requirementsor vows of the monk were poverty, chastity, and obedience. The greates
. Mediæval and modern history . the disorder and terror attending the invasion ofthe barbarians andthe overthrow of theEmpire in the movement drewwithin the circle ofits influence womenas well as men,and nunneries werefounded in greatnumbers, which weresubject to a disci-pline similar to thatof the monasteries. 30. The Rule ofSt. Benedict. Witha view to introduc-ing some sort ofregularity into thepractices and auster-ities of the monks,rules were earlyprescribed for their observance. The three essential requirementsor vows of the monk were poverty, chastity, and obedience. The greatest legislator of the monks was St. Benedict of Nursia( 480-543), the founder of the celebrated monastery of MonteCassino, situated midway between Rome and Naples in code was to the religious world what the Corpus Juris Civilisof Justinian (sect. 50) was to the lay society of Europe. Many ofhis rules were most wise and practical, as, for instance, one thatmade manual work a pious duty, and another that required the. Fig. 4. The Simopetra Monastery ofMt. Athos. (From a photograph) The convents of Mt. Athos in their present state give us a very accurate notion of the great monasteries of Europe, at the close of the twelfth century. — Sabatier, Li/c of St. Fraticis of Assist 2 6 THE CHURCH AND ITS INSTITUTIONS [§31 monk to spend an allotted time daily in sacred reading. Themonks who subjected themselves to the Rule of St. Benedict wereknown as Benedictines. The Order became immensely one time it embraced about forty thousand abbeys. From itsranks came twenty-four popes, and saints without number. 31. Monastic Reforms; Cluny. Monasticism as an active andpotent force in the history of the West has a long and wonderfulhistory of more than a thousand years. This history presentsone dominant fact,—^ ever-renewed reform movements in the mon-asteries. Scarcely was a monastery or a monastic order establishedbefore the acquisition of wealth brought in self-indu
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