Logging; the principles and general methods of operation in the United States . d in a boom and towed to the head of the riverdown which they were driven. The second carrier consisted ofeight sections, each with a massive jack works driven by ropetransmission from a 400-horse-power horizontal water wheellocated near the center of the haul-up. Water for power pur-poses was brought in a flume from the terminus of the conveyor chains were made with i-inch round links andhad log seats at intervals of 8 feet. The capacity of the carrierwas 10,000 logs in twenty-two hours. IMPROVEMENT OF
Logging; the principles and general methods of operation in the United States . d in a boom and towed to the head of the riverdown which they were driven. The second carrier consisted ofeight sections, each with a massive jack works driven by ropetransmission from a 400-horse-power horizontal water wheellocated near the center of the haul-up. Water for power pur-poses was brought in a flume from the terminus of the conveyor chains were made with i-inch round links andhad log seats at intervals of 8 feet. The capacity of the carrierwas 10,000 logs in twenty-two hours. IMPROVEMENT OF THE STREAM BED AND BANKS Before a stream can be driven it must be cleared of fallentimber, snags and boulders. Theformer is often cut into shortlengths with an ax and allowed todrift downstream, or is hauled outon the banks. Snags, rocks andsimilar obstructions are removedwith dynamite. This work isdone in the summer and earlyfall when the water is low. Pier Dams and Abutments.—Pier dams are cribwork. structuresused to narrow the channel of a stream, guide logs past rocks. ^^w/,y//////////////////W///////////^;^ _ Fig. 104. — An Abutment for theProtection of Stream Banks. 360 LOGGING and other obstructions, and in some cases to block an oldchannel and divert the water into another course. They are built in a manner similar to the piers of crib-damswith cribs from 6 to 8 feet square, and mud-sills fastened tobedrock or firmly anchored in the stream bed. The cribs areloaded with rock to give them stability. Abutments are used to protect the banks of streams duringflood time, and prevent them from being worn away. Theusual form consists of a cribwork of timber built into the space between the shore and the timbers is filled with rockto prevent the bank earth from washing out. Where streamspass through wide bottoms and the banks are too low to con-fine the flood water, an artificial channel is sometimes createdby constructing false banks of lumber. Cribwork supports a
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublisheretcet, bookyear1913
