. The life of the Greeks and Romans. olumns, which are generally denomi-nated the orders of columns, are the Doric and Ionic. A third,the Corinthian order, belongs to a later period of Greek art, TheDoric column has its name from the Greek tribe of the Dorians,by whom it was invented and most frequently used, and withwhose serious and dignified character its whole formation corre-sponds. It is divided into two parts, the shaft and the shaft consists of a stem of circular form, which up to athird of its height slightly increases in circumference (ei/raois),and decreases again more o
. The life of the Greeks and Romans. olumns, which are generally denomi-nated the orders of columns, are the Doric and Ionic. A third,the Corinthian order, belongs to a later period of Greek art, TheDoric column has its name from the Greek tribe of the Dorians,by whom it was invented and most frequently used, and withwhose serious and dignified character its whole formation corre-sponds. It is divided into two parts, the shaft and the shaft consists of a stem of circular form, which up to athird of its height slightly increases in circumference (ei/raois),and decreases again more or less towards the top. The bottompart rests immediately on the stereobaton or base of the in rare cases the column was monolithic, usually it consistedof several pieces or drums (ottovSvKoi) , composed without mortar,which were fastened to each other by dowels of cedar wood, suchas have been discovered on the columns of the Parthenon and thetemple of Theseus at Athens. Lengthways the shaft was broken 8 THE DORIC Mil by parallel indentures (paficwais), now called flirtings, the edgesof which formed sharp angles, and which, as we can see fromseveral unfinished temples, were chiselled into the columns afterthey had been put into their places. On the shaft rests thesecond part of the column, the head or capital, which the Greeks,in analogy to the human head, called KetyaKcuov, the Romanscapitulum. The capital of the Doric order consists of three parts. The first is called v7TOTpa-yfjhiov, neck, and formsthe continuation of theshaft, from which it isseparated by one or moreindentures. In its upperpart it widens, and isgenerally adorned by several horizontal stripes calledby the Romans rings, annuli. After this followsthe chief portion of the capital, a ledge also, of cir-||J||||ij cular formation, and strongly projecting all round. It was called by the Greeks kyfvos, and comprisedthe supporting power of the column, under theHill wei8ht of the beams and the roof
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