Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle) is often a ruderal species, colonising bare disturbed ground but also persists well on heavily grazed land.

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Keywords: asia, asteraceae, bull, cirsium, common, disturbed, europe, flower, grazed, ground, heavily, land, national, nitrogen-rich, plant, ruderal, scotland, soils, spear, species, thistle, vulgare, western