. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages: . estered the vice-regalpalace at Ramleh. A commission under the presidency of de Lesseps,appointed at the demand of England and France to discover a method forpermanently improving Egypts fuiancial situation, declared that that endcould be attained if the khedive, who was the owner and exploiter of thegreatest part of the tillable soil, should give over the whole of his landed prop-erty to the state and should promise to le
. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages: . estered the vice-regalpalace at Ramleh. A commission under the presidency of de Lesseps,appointed at the demand of England and France to discover a method forpermanently improving Egypts fuiancial situation, declared that that endcould be attained if the khedive, who was the owner and exploiter of thegreatest part of the tillable soil, should give over the whole of his landed prop-erty to the state and should promise to levy no tax outside the law. Ismail,in his extremity, agreed to both measures, and in the new ministry formedby Nubar Pasha in August, 1878, accepted as minister of finance Mr. Wilsonof England, and as minister of public works M. Blignieres of France. Thekhedive, however, soon found this limitation of his freedom very irksome,and in the next year tried to get rid of the European control. This causedan energetic protest from Germany in which the other powers joined, andIsmail, not being willing to abdicate voluntarily, was forced to do so by thesultan (June 26th, 1879).. A Black Slave of Morocco THE HISTOEY OF MEDIEVAL AND MODERN EGYPT 459 (1879-1882 A. D. TEWFIK PASHA He was succeeded ])y his eldest son, Tewfik, an indolent person, whowithout opposition allowed the ambassadors of the western powers to governfor him. Thereby a swarm of foreign officials, most of them men of doubtfulpasts, usurped the places of the native despots who had been in the habit ofdraining the country; this caused among the people a bitter hatred of for-eigners, which reached its climax when the general comptroller reduced thearmy from fifty thousand to fifteen thousand men. A national party wasformed around the colonel Arabi Pasha, which wrote the phrase Egypt forthe Egyptians on its banner, and in September, 1881, by a military revoltobtained the increase of the army and the grant of a constitution, wit
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