Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . echanical means of haulae under-ground became both possible and general. The rope is some-times driven by an engine at the suriiice, as Stephensonsuggested, at others by engines placed undergroimd and drivenliy steam or compressed air. The speed of hoisting or winding,as it is termed, has, during the latter half of the period of thisvolume, become uniformly very high, and in this particular theNewcastle dist
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . echanical means of haulae under-ground became both possible and general. The rope is some-times driven by an engine at the suriiice, as Stephensonsuggested, at others by engines placed undergroimd and drivenliy steam or compressed air. The speed of hoisting or winding,as it is termed, has, during the latter half of the period of thisvolume, become uniformly very high, and in this particular theNewcastle district was long in advance of the others. At many Winding. AND MIXING. lS4i:-lSS^.- 761 pits the loiul is lifted from the depth of half a luile in thespace of a minute, and, if the mine be not so deep, at corre-spondingly Yii\m\ rates. This compares very favourably indeedwith the speed of fast railway trains on short journeys; butowino- to greatly improved appliances, and the etficient statein which they are maintained by close inspection, as well asthe high sense of duty of the present class of responsibleenwine-men, shaft-accidents are, unlike the case in earher years,. MODEL or A SOUTH WALES COLLIEllY VEXTILATING FUESACE,WITH LEFT WXLh THROWN BACK. XVictoria inid Albert Miiscniii.) very rare. In the best collieries, self-acting appliances areprovided in case of need, as, for instance, the self-detachinghooks that lilierate the cage from the rope, and prevent it fromfalling down the shaft again in cases of overwinding. Thesehooks, the independent inventions of Ormerod and of King,have, since their introduction in ()5, been the means ofsaving many lives. The great and increasing activity in the coal and irontrades brought forward the question of the duration of ourcoal supply. A Royal Commission, appointed in ISOU, after .&J. THE SUCCESSIOX OF THE BEMOCllACY. Our CoalSupply. TheWorkers. collecting much evidence and carefLilly investigatmg the wholeof our resource
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