. Roentgen interpretation; a manual for students and practitioners . ll be found thoroughly prac-ticable in most cases. The patient should be examined in the stand-ing, prone, supine and right lateral positions, A brief knowledgeof the clinical history is essential, and whether it be secured beforeor after the roentgen examination is a matter of personal preference,but the roentgen findings and the history must be correlated at sometime before a diagnosis is made. The accuracy of the method willvary with the personality and training of the observer. The diag- 152 GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT noses
. Roentgen interpretation; a manual for students and practitioners . ll be found thoroughly prac-ticable in most cases. The patient should be examined in the stand-ing, prone, supine and right lateral positions, A brief knowledgeof the clinical history is essential, and whether it be secured beforeor after the roentgen examination is a matter of personal preference,but the roentgen findings and the history must be correlated at sometime before a diagnosis is made. The accuracy of the method willvary with the personality and training of the observer. The diag- 152 GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT noses of the a^erage man will be about 75 per cent, correct. Withthe best roentgenologists under the most favorable circumstances,roentgen findings in this field should be 85 to 90 per cent, correct. ESOPHAGUS. The esophagus is grossly outlined with the ordinary barium more prolonged observation, particularly in cases of suspectednew growth, a mixture of barium sulphate and mucilage of acacia orgelatin is of great value. In the right oblique diameter the normal. Fig. 127.—Cardiospasm. Note the esophagus to the right and the round, smoothborders of the barium shadow. esophagus is easily seen throughout its course. It presents a slightindentation at the level of the arch of the aorta and curves forwardbehind the heart to enter the stomach. It is smooth in outline andthe opaque mass passes readily through it with a momentary pauseat the arch and a longer delay at the cardia. ESOPHAGUS 153 Pathological Esophagus.—The esophagus may be greatly dilatedin cardiospasm or benign stricture. In the former, a glass of hotwater may relax the spasm and allow part or all of the meal to enterthe stomach. There is no discoverable irregularity in outline andthe shadow ends at the cardia in a smooth, funnel-shaped of the esophagus occurring as a result of cardiospasm may
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