. Handbook of polar discoveries. been evolved that most satisfactory theory of a verticalinteroceanic circulation. A handful of its dried plantsenabled a botanist to prophetically forecast the generalcharacter of unknown lands, and in its fossil plants anotherscientist has read unerringly the story of tremendousclimatic changes that have metamorphosed the face of theearth. Its peculiar tides have indicated clearly the influ-ence exerted by the stellar worlds on our own, and to itsice-clad lands science inquiringly turns for data to solvethe glacial riddles of lower latitudes. It should not be
. Handbook of polar discoveries. been evolved that most satisfactory theory of a verticalinteroceanic circulation. A handful of its dried plantsenabled a botanist to prophetically forecast the generalcharacter of unknown lands, and in its fossil plants anotherscientist has read unerringly the story of tremendousclimatic changes that have metamorphosed the face of theearth. Its peculiar tides have indicated clearly the influ-ence exerted by the stellar worlds on our own, and to itsice-clad lands science inquiringly turns for data to solvethe glacial riddles of lower latitudes. It should not be inferred that more material gains arewanting as the direct result of Arctic research. Althoughthe English navigators failed to reach China and monopo-lize its trade by a northeast passage, they neverthelessopened a way through the White Sea route to the previ-ously unapproachable empire of Russia, from the Czar ofwhich were obtained large and exclusive trade privilegesthat inured for many years to the mutual advantage of No. N 3. II. ^ >i It appcarelh (y Oif iijcctiene^ ?fnethc rrejipan^.^icnrtitjni (whchhathhen/crJmanty^Ccii anJnarfuJin m^ mumih/m cafe Cab6rmd tvhuhrmiivf nuip ttWfalebx. / A ^ ^ ^A )^ ^ \\y^ F \\l ^ tasaflraufhl /^ ^ q^ ^ ^^ )(Z ^ ^^ \ \^^ m w Apndcano(U\i ^—. c^^ ^ ^ ^ i ^A i i Vt^. II %. r^?^ / /^nW^^ 1 ^ ^ i 5Jl \ \ n^ \ ^ ^ ^r\ AC z^mm S^ 1 dnynj^ ^ % ^-^^yl p^ 1? ^^^3^^^•^S^ /^^^V P § /ri ^^ i ^siR ^ /\T 1 % SHAKESPEARES NEW MAP, i6oo, (Afier Hakldvl Socieit MaiI TJie Scope and Value of Arctic Exploration 9 England and Russia. The northern voyages likewiseresulted in the valuable whale fishery that, as Scorescysays, * in a short tiiiie proved the most lucrative and themost important branch of national commerce which hadever been offered to man. This emphatic statement isdevoid of exaggeration in the slightest degree. Scoresbvgives year by year the products of the Dutch whale-fisheryin the Arctic seas from 1668 to 1778, which aggregatedin valu
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