Collier's new encyclopedia : a loose-leaf and self-revising reference work ..with 515 illustrations and ninety-six maps . phony or the organum. Itmay be said to have come into existenceat the end of the 11th or beginning ofthe 12th century. Originally, as hadbeen previously the case with diaphony,it consisted of two parts only, but laterin its life developed into motetts andvarious other forms of composition. Thereal difference between diaphony and descant seems to have been that the for-mer was rarely, if ever, more compli-cated than note against note, whereasdescant made use of the various p
Collier's new encyclopedia : a loose-leaf and self-revising reference work ..with 515 illustrations and ninety-six maps . phony or the organum. Itmay be said to have come into existenceat the end of the 11th or beginning ofthe 12th century. Originally, as hadbeen previously the case with diaphony,it consisted of two parts only, but laterin its life developed into motetts andvarious other forms of composition. Thereal difference between diaphony and descant seems to have been that the for-mer was rarely, if ever, more compli-cated than note against note, whereasdescant made use of the various pro-portionate values of notes. Double des-cant is where the parts are contrived insuch a manner that the treble may bemade the bass, and the bass the treble. DESCARTES, RENE (da-karf), aFrench philosopher and mathematician^with whom the modern or new philoso-phy is often considered as beginning;born in La Haye, in Touraine, March 31,1596. He was educated at the JesuitCollege of La Fleche, where he showedgreat talent. He entered the militaryprofession and cerved in Holland and inBavaria. In 1621 he left the army, and. RENB DESCARTES after a variety of travels finally settledin Holland, and devoted himself to phil-osophical inquiries. Descartes, seeingthe errors and inconsistencies in whichother philosophers had involved them-selves, determined to build up a systemanew for himself, and resolving to ac-cept as true only what could stand thetest of reason. There was one thingthat he could not doubt or divest himselfof the belief of, and that was the exist-ence of himself as a thinking being, andthis ultimate certainty he expressed inthe celebrated phrase, Cogito, ergosum (I think, therefore I am). Start-ing from this point, Descartes found thesame kind of certainty in such propo-sitions as these: that the thinking being DESCENT 332 DESERT or soul differs from the body (whoseexistence consists in space and exten-sion) by its simplicity and immaterialityand by the freedom that pertai
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