Ontario Public School History of England : Authorized by the Minister of Education for Ontario for Use in Forms IV and V of the Public Schools . torias time a daily newspaper whichgave very little news cost £10 a year; now a paper with thelatest home and foreign news sells on the streets of Londondaily for half a penny. Half a century ago the labourerscottage often had not even a tallow candle; now coal oiland gas and electricity are so cheap that all may use the discovery of photography and electrotyping eventhe commonest pictures were beyond the poor; now repro-ductions of works
Ontario Public School History of England : Authorized by the Minister of Education for Ontario for Use in Forms IV and V of the Public Schools . torias time a daily newspaper whichgave very little news cost £10 a year; now a paper with thelatest home and foreign news sells on the streets of Londondaily for half a penny. Half a century ago the labourerscottage often had not even a tallow candle; now coal oiland gas and electricity are so cheap that all may use the discovery of photography and electrotyping eventhe commonest pictures were beyond the poor; now repro-ductions of works of art arewithin the reach of all. Im-proved and cheaper processes oftype-setting and printing havemade books so cheap that thepoorest labourer may own hisown library, if he wishes. Great suffering, too, has beenprevented by the discovery ofchloroform and ether. In thetime of the Crimean War thous-ands of wounded soldiers died,whose lives might have beensaved by a better knowledge ofsurgery, especially in the use ofantiseptics. One of the greatestglories of the Victorian age is the work done in the wayof preventing disease and Cardinal Newman 1837-1901] THE HOUSE OF HANOVER 289 During the reign of Victoria, the condition of the workingclasses was greatly improved. The organization of tradeunions enabled them to band together and work unitedly togain their ends. Laws regulating labour, ventilation infactories and mines, and compensation to injured work-men, were passed and rigidly enforced. Crime alsodiminished greatly; in 1837 there were fifty thousandconvicts in the prisons of Great Britain, to-day thereare about six thousand. Industrial schools were estab-lished, where young offenders of both sexes were madeto work and were taught some useful trade. Women, too, have gradually been gaining more freedomand better opportunities. In 1869 single women andwidows who were householders were given votes in muni-cipal elections, and in 1870 they were allowed both to votefo
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