. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 105, A good New York apple mostof their growth early in the season, the tillage should be begun as soon as the land is tit in spring; and it may be discontinued by midsummer or August. This cessation of the tillage allows of the growing of some cover crop or catch crop (see Cover Crops) late in the season, in o
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 105, A good New York apple mostof their growth early in the season, the tillage should be begun as soon as the land is tit in spring; and it may be discontinued by midsummer or August. This cessation of the tillage allows of the growing of some cover crop or catch crop (see Cover Crops) late in the season, in order to secure humus and to improve the physical tex- ture of the soil, ylf the land is well handled in the first few years, it will not be necessary to turn a furrow in the orchard thereafter, but merely to loosen the surface in the spring with a spading harrow, spring-tooth harrow, or other tool, in order to reestablish the surface mulch. The only reasons for turning a furrow will occur when the land is so hard that the surface tools cannot mellow the surface, or when it is desirableto turn under a green- manure crop. Even hard lands may be got in such con- dition, by means of tillage and green-manures, that they may be worked up with harrow tools when the orchard comes into bearing. Plowing the orchard, therefore, has two legitimate objects : to mellow and ameliorate the land to aconsiderable depth, so that the roots may forage deep ; to turn under a cover crop. The former purpose should not be necessary after the first few plowings. An incidental object of plowing is to facilitate the making of the annual surface mulch ; and this mulch is to save the moisture. The apple thrives in a variety of soils, but it is most productive and longest-lived on land which has a con- siderable original admixture of clay: that is, in a clay loam. Lands which yield good crops of wheat and corn may be expected to be good apple lands, if other condi- tions are right. Rolling, inclined, or some
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