. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas. c) Rainfall 1000 mm less than today ^Gaorgtlown. ^3 E^3 LEGEND Rainfall > 1500 mm Tropical rainforest Present day extension of Amazonian rainforest Rainfall < ISOOnim Savannas, savanna woodland, dry forest, coatinga, etc. Figure Maps of Amazonia showing the present-day situation of the vegetation () and predicted changes of major vegetation forma- tions when average ramfall is 500 () and 1000 mm () lower than at present. The sites of Carajas and Kalira. under savanna type vegeta- tion some years ago. are m
. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas. c) Rainfall 1000 mm less than today ^Gaorgtlown. ^3 E^3 LEGEND Rainfall > 1500 mm Tropical rainforest Present day extension of Amazonian rainforest Rainfall < ISOOnim Savannas, savanna woodland, dry forest, coatinga, etc. Figure Maps of Amazonia showing the present-day situation of the vegetation () and predicted changes of major vegetation forma- tions when average ramfall is 500 () and 1000 mm () lower than at present. The sites of Carajas and Kalira. under savanna type vegeta- tion some years ago. are mdicated. The site of Georgetown also experienced savanna conditions during the last glacial advance. Sonrcf: After Van Jlt Hanmu-n and Absy ( i 994) that the savannas and patches of trees in the South American cerrados offered. It seems certain that the wooded areas were altered by burning from very early on. It is known that from as long ago as the Late Glacial, people were adapted to the upper montane forest-paramo boundary. This offered very diverse resources: small animals, fruits, etc. (Van der Haminen and Correal Urrego, 1978). At that lime there were also people living in the western Amazon (A. Rooseveld. unpublished data) who made stone points and apparently used the broad spectrum of fruit and seed resources which the forest offered. When the upper limit of the forest rose at the beginning of the Holocene and open or semi-open vegetation types were greatly reduced, people seemed to adapt to forest-life and to using the numerous resources that the forest offers (roots, fruits. nuts, meat, fish etc.). This happened both in the Andes and Amazonia. The effect these people had on the forest may not have been very great, but it seems to have led to an increased frequency of useful trees and palms in both montane forests and the tropical lowlands. The impact of man on the forest increased with the beginning of horticulture and agriculture; in some areas, this occurred as far
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