. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. BLIND VERTEBRATES AND THEIR EYES. Til!' CAVE SALAMANDERS. The salamanders, of which there are many species in the United States, habitually live under rocks, logs, and the bark of decaying trees. These all shun the light except during the breeding season. Others habitually live in the water and are principally nocturnal in their habits, hiding under the banks, logs, or rocks in the water during daylight. The eyes of the cave salamanders of North America, of which there are four species, range in their structure from the perfectly normal to the
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. BLIND VERTEBRATES AND THEIR EYES. Til!' CAVE SALAMANDERS. The salamanders, of which there are many species in the United States, habitually live under rocks, logs, and the bark of decaying trees. These all shun the light except during the breeding season. Others habitually live in the water and are principally nocturnal in their habits, hiding under the banks, logs, or rocks in the water during daylight. The eyes of the cave salamanders of North America, of which there are four species, range in their structure from the perfectly normal to the most degenerate known among the Batrachia. Spelerpfx maculicauda (Cope) (plate i, fig. c) is common in the caves of the Mississippi Valley. As far as I have been able to determine, its eyes have not undergone any degeneration. It is abundant and so nearly allied to Spelerpes longicauda Green, an epigean species of very wide distribution, that formerly the two were considered identical (plate 2, fig. A). Spelerpes stejnegeri Eigenmann (plate i, fig. B) is found in the twilight regions of the raves of southwestern Missouri. Its eyes are also normal. Other species of Spelerpes ' are sometimes found in caves. TypMotriton spel-ecus Stejneger (plate i, fig. D) is restricted to the western caves of the Mississippi Valley. It has so far been found in Marble Cave and. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington
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