. Forging of iron and steel, a text book for the use of students in colleges, secondary schools and the shop . d iron fur-niture. Fancy keys (Fig. 4)were made and hung on abackground of colored clothor leather to bring out theeffects. The credit of hav-ing made the first attempts to beautify iron with paintand at the same time to preserve it against rust isgiven to the middle ages. Renaissance Period.— Following the Gothic period isthat of the Renaissance, although Gothic details were notrare up to the fifteenth century or even beyond it. In thesouthern countries of Europe, the wrought ironwor
. Forging of iron and steel, a text book for the use of students in colleges, secondary schools and the shop . d iron fur-niture. Fancy keys (Fig. 4)were made and hung on abackground of colored clothor leather to bring out theeffects. The credit of hav-ing made the first attempts to beautify iron with paintand at the same time to preserve it against rust isgiven to the middle ages. Renaissance Period.— Following the Gothic period isthat of the Renaissance, although Gothic details were notrare up to the fifteenth century or even beyond it. In thesouthern countries of Europe, the wrought ironwork of thisperiod was very simple inappearance, the ornamen-tation being flat and pro-duced by punching (), but in the Northerncountries greater richnesswas developed. Duringthis period, the use ofwrought iron greatly in-creased and many newarticles were introduced,such as reading-desks,wash-stands, towel hold-ers, door grills, brackets,signs, weathercocks andutensils of the mostvaried kinds. It was during the renaissance that the production ofweapons reached its perfection. Cast iron was also intro-. Fig. 5 HISTORIC USE OF IRON AND STEEL 11 duced, although it was limited almost entirely to firebacks and stove plate. The master armorers of Augsburg, Nuremberg andMunich attained great fame at this time. The mostcostly suits of armor in the museums of Paris, Madridand Vienna came from the forges of these cities. Thedesigns were furnished by Schwarz, Hirschvogel, Miehich,Floetner, Aldegrever, Durer, Wohlgemuth and Holbein,the most distinguished artists of the time. These mastersadded engraving and etching to the earlier arts of em-bossing and encrusting armor with precious metals. Be-sides armor they made exquisite shields and sworcl-hilts,also domestic utensils, tools, instruments of torture,strong boxes, statuettes carved from the solid, and evena throne which was presented to Rudolph II by theAugsburgers in 1574. German Work. — German iron-work is particularlyworthy of s
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