. The American fruit culturist. , andtied tight; no less than eighteen-ply twine should be cuts are waxed over with grafting-wax. After the graftshave started they should be examined and if the twine isfound to begin to cut into the stocks it is untied and tied onagain; this will prevent further injury. The object of allow-ing the twine to remain a longer time is to prevent the cut * Nut Culture in the United States, Embracing Native and IntroducedSpecies. Report by S. B. Heiges, Pomologist. Large octavo, pp. 341, 16plates. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Pomology, Washin
. The American fruit culturist. , andtied tight; no less than eighteen-ply twine should be cuts are waxed over with grafting-wax. After the graftshave started they should be examined and if the twine isfound to begin to cut into the stocks it is untied and tied onagain; this will prevent further injury. The object of allow-ing the twine to remain a longer time is to prevent the cut * Nut Culture in the United States, Embracing Native and IntroducedSpecies. Report by S. B. Heiges, Pomologist. Large octavo, pp. 341, 16plates. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Pomology, Washington,Government Printing Office. 438 NUTS. bark from warping open by the action of the atmosphere, thuscausing the graft to die. Cleft Sap Graftmg.—As this differs somewhat from cleftgrafting as described on page 33, and is claimed by Felix Gil-let, of California, to succeed with walnuts, his method is thusdescribed: If done early in the spring when the sap is com-mencing to flow, it can be used on limbs as large as three and. <2 fi Pig. 572.—Cleft Sap Grafting. a half inches in diameter. The stock is sawed off and smoothedas for ordinary cleft grafting. Instead of making a singlecleft through the centre, two are made, one across the stub ateach side of the centre (Fig. de, de) the cleft thus being insapwood, instead of through the heartwood and pith. Thescion is prepared as for ordinary cleft grafting, except thatthe sloping cuts are so made that but one scarf exposes thepith (Figs. /^/^/). After the insertion of the scions thecut surfaces left exposed are thoroughly waxed, and the stockis well bound with cotton cloth to prevent it from openingand drying out. Hickories and walnuts can be budded by the annular pro-cess (page 45), working upon one- or two-year-old seedlings,and probably with much less percentage of loss than by any NUTS. 439 kind of grafting. Chestnuts may be grafted, however, infavorable seasons with a loss of not over twenty-five to fiftyper cent, by th
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