. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. 1ini\ unt oon iroM-iii gig â¢_'l Dii 'Itorteranftdjt bed >uv. ncuii U,34o iWetei breilf. U l⦠"â >» iKctct t'du ,uu'oli>tc Dej Figure 2.âGalley-oven, 1869. The picture is a cross section through the front of the oven showing one of the 36 retorts, the receivers for the distillate, and the space in the upper story used for evaporating the mixture of acid solution of calcium phosphate and coal. (According to Anselme Payen, Precis de Chimie industrielle, Paris, 1849; reproduced from Hugo Fleck, Die Fabrikation chemischer Produkt
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. 1ini\ unt oon iroM-iii gig â¢_'l Dii 'Itorteranftdjt bed >uv. ncuii U,34o iWetei breilf. U l⦠"â >» iKctct t'du ,uu'oli>tc Dej Figure 2.âGalley-oven, 1869. The picture is a cross section through the front of the oven showing one of the 36 retorts, the receivers for the distillate, and the space in the upper story used for evaporating the mixture of acid solution of calcium phosphate and coal. (According to Anselme Payen, Precis de Chimie industrielle, Paris, 1849; reproduced from Hugo Fleck, Die Fabrikation chemischer Produkte aus thierischen Abfdllen, Viewig, Brauns- chweig, 1862, page 80 of volume 2, 2nd group, of P. Bolley's Handbuch der chemischen Technologic.) Gottfried Hankwitz in the technique. Later on, Jean Hellot (1685-1765) gave a meticulous descrip- tion of the details and a long survey of the To obtain phosphorus, a good proportion of coal (regarded as a type of phlogiston) was added to urine, previously thickened by evaporation and preferably after putrefaction, and the mixture was heated to the highest attainable temperature. It was obvious that phlogiston entered into the composition of the distil- lation product. The question remained whether this product was generated de novo. In his research of 1743 to 1746, Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709- 1 782) provided the answer. He found the new sub- stance in edible plant seeds, and he concluded that it enters the human system through the plant food, to be excreted later in the urine. He did not convince all the chemists with his reasoning. In 1789, Macquer wrote: "There are some who, even at this time, hold that the phosphorical ('phosphorische') acid generates itself in the animals and who consider this to be the 'animalistic acid.' " ' Although Marggraf was more advanced in his argu- ments than these chemists, yet he was a child of his time. The luminescent and combustible, almost wax- like substance impr
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Keywords: ., bookauthorun, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectscience
