. Wild oxen, sheep & goats of all lands, living and extinct . Fig. 54.—Front view of Head of male Astor Markhor. (From Darrahs Sport in theHighlands of Kashmir.) relating that he once captured an adult buck in the Residency garden atGilgit. The absence of the coat of under-fur, or pashm, is doubtless thereason that the markhor is so much more susceptible of cold than itsrelative the ibex. In May these animals once more ascend to join theibex, which in this district appear never to leave the higher pastures; andin June both ibex and markhor may be seen feeding together—a somewhat 290 Goats rema


. Wild oxen, sheep & goats of all lands, living and extinct . Fig. 54.—Front view of Head of male Astor Markhor. (From Darrahs Sport in theHighlands of Kashmir.) relating that he once captured an adult buck in the Residency garden atGilgit. The absence of the coat of under-fur, or pashm, is doubtless thereason that the markhor is so much more susceptible of cold than itsrelative the ibex. In May these animals once more ascend to join theibex, which in this district appear never to leave the higher pastures; andin June both ibex and markhor may be seen feeding together—a somewhat 290 Goats remarkable association, when it is remembered that the former species isunknown in the typical habitat of the Pir-Panjal race of the latter. InAstor and Gilgit the young, which may be either one or two in number,are born in May and June. Markhor, probably of the Pir-Panjal race, hav^e repeatedly bred incaptivity with the domestic Fig. 55.—Oblique view of Head of male .Astor Markhor. (From Darrahs Sport in theUighlandi of Kashmir.) h. Pir-Panjal Race—Capra cashmiriensis Characters.—Size large, the height reaching to 40 or 41 inches at theshoulder. Horns of males with the spiral less open than in the typicalrace, and showing in fine examples from one to two complete turns. Asobserved by Mr. Blanford, the horns of this race pass into those of the lastand the next by every conceivable gradation, probably on the confines oftheir respective distributional areas. The following are some of the largest dimensions of horns of this andthe preceding race recorded by Mr. Rowland Ward :— Pir-Panjal Markhor 291 Length alongOuter Curve. Length inStraight Line. BasalCircumference. Tip to Tip. Locality. 59 ? ? ,p Pir-Panjal 58* 4oi 10 38i Gilgit 56 p P Astor 56 ? 13* )> 55 ? P ,, 54i ? lOi 26I p 54 p I of 33| Astor 53i 42i Hi 52 >) 5353 ?38f 9i9f 26 35i pGilgit 52| 39I 12* 33| Astor 52 35 9i 424 Gilgit


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