. The Ecology of arboreal folivores : a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975 . Figure 6. The incisor size of Erythrocebus patas (left) and Cer- cocebus albigena (right) standardized for the breadth of the piri- form aperture. This illustrates the variability in incisor size in cercopithecines. Erythrocebus is largely graminivorous while Cer- cocebus eats very large quantities of fruit. variability relates to differences in diet and ingestive behavior. Miopithecus talapoin, Ceropithecus cephus, Cercocebus torq
. The Ecology of arboreal folivores : a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975 . Figure 6. The incisor size of Erythrocebus patas (left) and Cer- cocebus albigena (right) standardized for the breadth of the piri- form aperture. This illustrates the variability in incisor size in cercopithecines. Erythrocebus is largely graminivorous while Cer- cocebus eats very large quantities of fruit. variability relates to differences in diet and ingestive behavior. Miopithecus talapoin, Ceropithecus cephus, Cercocebus torquatus, and Cercocebus albigena subsist to a considerable extent on fruit. As expected, these largely frugivorous primates have relatively very large incisors (they fall well above the regression line in Figure 5). The various species (or subspecies) of Papio also have relatively large incisors. Although a few populations of Papio sp. are said to be highly folivorous or graminivorous, when ecological condi- tions permit Papio includes a large amount of fruit in its diet. In addition to food object size, another factor that probably affects the amount of incisor tooth wear is the inclusion of dietary grit. Presumably a terrestrial animal that selects food objects from the ground in- gests more grit than an animal that selects the same food object directly from a tree or shrub. An increase in the amount of dietary grit would have the effect of increasing the amount of tooth wear. The inclusion of large amounts of grit (from both roots and fallen fruit) might in part explain why various Papio popu- lations have such large incisors. For example, Papio anubis often pulls grass rhizomes from the ground with its incisors, unlike sympatric populations of Theropithecus gelada that pull these same rhizomes out with their hands (Dunbar and Dunbar, 1974). Dental Structure 179
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