. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FREEZING TOLERANCE IN L. LITTOREA 229 5 ct O 100-1 80- 60- 40- 20- 0. 1 1 ) 1 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 \ 6 — i 7 RECOVERY TIME (days) FIGURE 4. Influence of recovery time on the freezing mortality of L. littorea. All snails were recovered in 20° C sea water. Closed boxes, open circles, and closed circles represent the freezing temperatures of —, —, and —° C, respectively. All snails were frozen in air for 1 hr, and thawed in 0° C sea water prior to recovery. Each mortaility value was cal- culated from 60 animals. The error b
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FREEZING TOLERANCE IN L. LITTOREA 229 5 ct O 100-1 80- 60- 40- 20- 0. 1 1 ) 1 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 \ 6 — i 7 RECOVERY TIME (days) FIGURE 4. Influence of recovery time on the freezing mortality of L. littorea. All snails were recovered in 20° C sea water. Closed boxes, open circles, and closed circles represent the freezing temperatures of —, —, and —° C, respectively. All snails were frozen in air for 1 hr, and thawed in 0° C sea water prior to recovery. Each mortaility value was cal- culated from 60 animals. The error bars represent ±1 X standard error of the mean (n = 6). factors during and following the freezing stress. The rate at which L. littorea froze influenced its freezing tolerance, while changes in thawing rates had no effect. Increasing the freezing rate above ° C/min reduced freezing tolerance. TABLE II Influence of recovery temperature on the freezing tolerance of specimens of L. littorea acclimated at 4 and 20° C. Acclimation temperature (°C) Recovery temperature (°C) Recovery time (hr) LDSO values (°C)' 48 (±)2 4 96 (±) 168 (±) 4 48 (±) 20 96 (±) 168 (±) 48 (±) 4 96 (±) 20 168 (±) 48 (±) 20 96 (±) 168 (±) 1 LDSO values were calculated from 40 to 60 animals. 2 Error values represent 95% confidence Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ). Annual report 1907/08-1952; Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Moore, Carl Richard, 1892-; Redfield, Alfred Clarence, 1890-1983. Woods Hole, Mass. : Marine Biological Laboratory
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