. American forestry. Forests and forestry. 50fi AMERICAN FORESTRY. A DENSE MIXED FOREST. A ROCKY LEDGE HIGH ABOVE THE BIRCHES. ASPENS AND PINES. The size of the crews varies from 2 to 15 men. In crews of 8 to 15 men it is necessary to have a cook, a packer, and a foreman. The brushing out can be done by 2 to 4 men while 5 to 8 can do the grading. Small crews vary from 2 to 5 men. The men do their own cooking and a ranger has general su]:)ervision over the work. The tools ordinarily used are axes and brush hooks for brushing out; cant hooks and peavies for moving logs; shovels, picks, and matto
. American forestry. Forests and forestry. 50fi AMERICAN FORESTRY. A DENSE MIXED FOREST. A ROCKY LEDGE HIGH ABOVE THE BIRCHES. ASPENS AND PINES. The size of the crews varies from 2 to 15 men. In crews of 8 to 15 men it is necessary to have a cook, a packer, and a foreman. The brushing out can be done by 2 to 4 men while 5 to 8 can do the grading. Small crews vary from 2 to 5 men. The men do their own cooking and a ranger has general su]:)ervision over the work. The tools ordinarily used are axes and brush hooks for brushing out; cant hooks and peavies for moving logs; shovels, picks, and mattocks for grading. Where small crews are at work and the slopes are not too steep the trail is brushed and blazed, and left in that condition for travel to cut out the tread. A method similar to this was followed in connection with the Ciila reconnaissance work in Xew Mexico in the summer of 1911. The reconnais- sance party was working in a fairly open country in which there were scarcely any trails. The packers were sent ahead to locate a route to the next cam]:) and to blaze and brush out the trail to a width of about -1 feet. Then when the pack outfit, which consisted of about IS burros and 2 horses, went over this route it would be fairly well cut out so that with a little extra work a good trail could be built. On side-hill locations where water will run down a trail, it is always best to put in water bars, that is, small ditches 2 inches to 4 inches deep run- ning diagonally across the trail and banked on the lower side with earth or a small log sunk a few inches in the ground. These will turn the water and prevent any great amount of- washing, which might ruin a trail. The number of water bars will vary with the grade of the trail and the degree of slope of the side hill on which the trail is located. It is much cheaper to ])ut them in when building the trail than afterwards. Under ordinary conditions they can be located from 50 to ') 5 yards apart. In locating a trail, cl
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectforestsandforestry
