. The microscope and its revelations. as an aqueous solution of cane-sugar, with a little fruit-juice) by sowing in it the spores of any one of the ordinary moulds,such as Penicillium glaucum, Jfi/cor, or Aspergillus, provided thetemperature be kept up to blood-heat ; and this even though thesolution has been pre-viously heated to 284°Fahr., a temperaturewhich must kill anygerms it may itself con-tain. The Basidiomycetesare distinguished by theentire absence, as far asis at present known, ofsexual organs, and bythe formation of theirconids or spores at theapex of special enlargedcells, the bas
. The microscope and its revelations. as an aqueous solution of cane-sugar, with a little fruit-juice) by sowing in it the spores of any one of the ordinary moulds,such as Penicillium glaucum, Jfi/cor, or Aspergillus, provided thetemperature be kept up to blood-heat ; and this even though thesolution has been pre-viously heated to 284°Fahr., a temperaturewhich must kill anygerms it may itself con-tain. The Basidiomycetesare distinguished by theentire absence, as far asis at present known, ofsexual organs, and bythe formation of theirconids or spores at theapex of special enlargedcells, the basids. Theyinclude the largest andmost familial- of ourfungi, such as the generaAgaricus, Jloletus, Poly-porus, Lycoperdon, Phal-lus, &c. They are sapro-phytes, obtaining theirnourishment from thedecaying vegetable mat-ter in the soil, stumpsof trees, &c., Ac., amongwhich the mycele pene-trates, consisting oftenof a dense weft of sep-tated hypha?, the spawnof the mushroom. Theaerial portion, known asthe receptacle or fructifi-. FIG. 483.—Agaricus campestris, formation of thehymeniuin : A and B, slightly magnified ; C, a partof B, magnified 550 times. The portion markedwith fine dots is protoplasm. (From Goebels Classification and Morphology of Plants.) cation, bears either ex-ternally, as in the caseof the mushroom (), or internally, asin the case of the Lycoperdon, or puft-ball, the fertile portionor hymenium. On this hymemum project the extremities of specialhypha>, which are swollen into basids ; the non-sexual conids orbasidiospores are formed at the extremity of the basids, usually infours, from which they are easily detached, and, from their smallsize and great lightness, are readily carried through the air in greatquantities. Tn the JIt/menomycetes, of which the common mushroom 648 FUNGI (Agaricus campestris) may be taken as a type, the receptacle has theform of a cap-shaped pileus (fig. 484). raised on a stalk or stipe,the whole composed of a pseudo-parenchym
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