. Sanitary entomology; the entomology of disease, hygiene and sanitation. orsingly, to the number of from 30 to 80. The eggs are covered with athin coating of a sticky substance which causes them to adhere to anysurface. They are very elongate, dark bro\vn, with longitudinal, black,wavy lines. The incubation period is from six to nine days. The larvaelive in damp earth. They are very peculiar, having large, well markedheads with big jaws, which have four distinct teeth. The body is coveredwith toothed spines and the posterior end bears two pairs of very blackcaudal bristles, one pair of which
. Sanitary entomology; the entomology of disease, hygiene and sanitation. orsingly, to the number of from 30 to 80. The eggs are covered with athin coating of a sticky substance which causes them to adhere to anysurface. They are very elongate, dark bro\vn, with longitudinal, black,wavy lines. The incubation period is from six to nine days. The larvaelive in damp earth. They are very peculiar, having large, well markedheads with big jaws, which have four distinct teeth. The body is coveredwith toothed spines and the posterior end bears two pairs of very blackcaudal bristles, one pair of which are as long as the body. The larvafeeds on semi-decaying vegetable matter. The pupa is remarkable for thelarge ridges and excrescences on its thorax. The larval skin usuallyremains adhering to the caudal extremity. These flies breed in crevices of stone walls and fissures between rocksin caves, in dirty, damp cellars, and on the damp walls of latrines andcesspools, and wherever there is damp ground in dark places. Lizards fre- BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKING FLIES 227. Plate XV.—Pupae of Simidium. Fig. 1.—Respiratory filaments of pupa of SimuUumvittatnm. Fig. 2.—Pupa of Simnlium vemtstum, in pupal case. Fig. 3.—Pupa ofSimuUum hracteatum: A, side view of filaments. Fig. 4.—Pupa of SimuUum jen-ningsi. Fig. 5.—Pupa of SimuUum pictipes, in pupal case. All greatly enlarged.(After Jobbins-Pomeroy.) From U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 329, Plate V. 228 SANITARY ENTOINIOLOGY quently serve as blood hosts and are considered the reservoirs of the feverscarried, especially pappataci fever. FAMILY CULICIDAE The mosquitoes which in an orderly arrangement would be treatedhere have been considered in other lectures (Chapters XVII to XIX)., The families so far discussed belong to the Nematocera; the nextfamily belongs in the Brachycera. FAMILY TABANIDAE Horse Flies The family Tabanidae contains the horse flies, gad flies, deer flies,many genera and species of bloodsuckers. The males throug
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