. Leonardo da Vinci, artist, thinker and man of science. rve as pendants to these types of idealbeauty, making up a gallery of idiots and cretins, goitred, toothless, ^ In the masters manuscripts we find the embryoes of a series of figures which he after-wards developed and completed in finished drawings. Thus, certain birds in the manuscriptsof the Institut de France (E. fol. 42 v) were the forerunners of the standing eagle withoutspread wings in the enigmatic drawing at Windsor (Grosvenor Gallery Series, no. 38).Thus, too, the interlaced ornaments of the engraving inscribed Academia Leonardi
. Leonardo da Vinci, artist, thinker and man of science. rve as pendants to these types of idealbeauty, making up a gallery of idiots and cretins, goitred, toothless, ^ In the masters manuscripts we find the embryoes of a series of figures which he after-wards developed and completed in finished drawings. Thus, certain birds in the manuscriptsof the Institut de France (E. fol. 42 v) were the forerunners of the standing eagle withoutspread wings in the enigmatic drawing at Windsor (Grosvenor Gallery Series, no. 38).Thus, too, the interlaced ornaments of the engraving inscribed Academia Leonardi Vinci were preceded by a considerable number of analogous motives, such as the sketch inMS. E. (fol. 41 v°), in the Institut. The same process may be traced in the work ofRaphael He, too, loved to ruminate. Some of his figures that seem to us theinspiration of a moment, were carefully elaborated. A boyish sketch in the Accademiaat Venice became a figure of radiant beauty and astonishing firmness after a period offifteen years. 2l6 LEONARDO DA VINCI o. K^ USE (?). FROM AN ENGRAVING ASCHIBED TO LEONARl (British Museum.) hare - lipped abortions,with noses and chinsatrophied or developed toexaggeration. The artistwho created the mostperfect types of humanityalso applied himself, longbefore Grandville andCallot, to the reproductionot the most monstrousdeformities, caricatureswhich show the interme-diate degree between theman and the beast, or,rather, man degraded be-low the level of thebeast, by a hideous hy-bridism. In some examples, the nose is flattened, while the upper lipprotrudes like those of the felidae : in others, the nose is hooked andprominent as a parrotsbeak.^ 1 A thoughtful enquirer,himself an authority on theart of caricature, has left us adefinition of what he calls theanatomy of ugliness that Imay offer to the attention ofmy reader. Leonardo, saidChampfleury, was of the raceof those who have sought todemonstrate the gradual tran-sitions which lead from theApollo
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