. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. 172 DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. The moths of the fall canker-worm' and of the two last, named species emerge in the fall, while the spring canker- worm moths appear in March and April. In each case the wingless females have to crawl up the tree, where they lay their eggs on the bark. The eggs of each species hatch about the same time in the spring, as the leaves begin to unfold, and the caterpillars feed ravenously for about a inonth. They then disappear int
. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. 172 DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. The moths of the fall canker-worm' and of the two last, named species emerge in the fall, while the spring canker- worm moths appear in March and April. In each case the wingless females have to crawl up the tree, where they lay their eggs on the bark. The eggs of each species hatch about the same time in the spring, as the leaves begin to unfold, and the caterpillars feed ravenously for about a inonth. They then disappear into the ground a short distance, where they transform to pupae, finally to emerge as moths in the fall or spring. Canker-worms are not difficult pests to control when one understands their habits, so that the warfare can be waged at the proper time. The caterpillars can be killed after they have begun work in the spring by thorough, honest efforts with a spray of Paris green or some similar poison at the rate of one pound in one hundred gallons of water or Bordeaux mixture. It will require several applications where the pests are very numerous, and it is all-important to apply the poison before the caterpillars get two-thirds grown; it always takes much less poison to kill a small caterpillar than one nearly full-grown. Orchards which are well cultivated from year to year are rarely seriously infested with canker-worms. Doubtless many of the pupse in the soil are destroyed by the cultivation. As the female cannot fly, various expedients for preventing it from ascending the tree from the ground in the fall or early spring have been devised. Bands of sheath- ing-paper six or eight inches wide are often tacked around the trunks of the trees, and then smeared with tar, or any tier sticky substance which will not lose viscidity. Before putting on the bands looth off the bark, so that there shall 1 no crevices under the paper through which the tiny moths may crawl. Another simple paten
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