Saint Peter s Square
Saint Peter s Square or Saint Peter s Piazza Piazza San Pietro is located directly in front of St Peter s Basilica in Vatican City the papal enclave within Rome the Piazza borders to the East the rione of Borgo The open space before the basilica was redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini from 1656 to 1667 under the direction of Pope Alexander VII as an appropriate forecourt designed so that the greatest number of people could see the Pope give his blessing either from the middle of the faà ade of the church or from a window in the Vatican Palace Bernini had been working on the interior of St Peter s for decades now he gave order to the space with his renowned colonnades using the Tuscan form of Doric the simplest order in the classical vocabulary not to compete with the palace like faà ade by Carlo Maderno but he employed it on an unprecedented colossal scale to suit the space and evoke emotions of awe Vatican City officially State of the Vatican City Latin Status Civitatis Vaticanae Italian Stato della Città del Vaticano is a landlocked sovereign city state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome At approximately 44 hectares 108 7 acres it is the smallest independent nation in the world It was created in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty as a vestige of the much larger Papal States 756 to 1870 Vatican City is a non hereditary elected monarchy that is ruled by the Bishop of Rome â the Pope The highest state functionaries are all clergymen of the Catholic Church It is the sovereign territory of the Holy See Latin Sancta Sedes and the location of the Apostolic Palace â the Pope s official residence â and the Roman Curia Thus while the principal ecclesiastical seat Cathedral of the Pope as Bishop of Rome the Basilica of St John Lateran is located outside of its walls in Rome Vatican City can be said to be the governmental capital of the Catholic Church source Wikipedia
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