. Canadian forest industries July-December 1920. Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries. September 1, 1920 CANADA LUMBERMAN AND WOODWORKER 177 spruce and balsam would be equivalent to 90 years' supply. When' however, the rate of cutting for pulpwood and lumber is increased to million cords annually of spruce and balsam, this would re- present only 67 years' supply of wood accessible to existing trans- portation and really available, after deducting for loss and waste in logging, driving, and for defective balsam. It is pointed out that m
. Canadian forest industries July-December 1920. Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries. September 1, 1920 CANADA LUMBERMAN AND WOODWORKER 177 spruce and balsam would be equivalent to 90 years' supply. When' however, the rate of cutting for pulpwood and lumber is increased to million cords annually of spruce and balsam, this would re- present only 67 years' supply of wood accessible to existing trans- portation and really available, after deducting for loss and waste in logging, driving, and for defective balsam. It is pointed out that most of the spruce and balsarh now being cut for pulpwood is from 100 to 200 years old or more; also that there is a heavy loss from windfall in the under-sized timber, after logging. In very many cases of heavy cutting, a second operation may not- be worth while until from 40 to 60 years have elapsed* < If a possible growth rate of two per cent, be assumed upon 145 million cords of commercially accessible spruce and balsam, there would be indicated a possible production of million cords per year, which, of course, would leave room for a,great expansion of the industry beyond what is under way at present. Process of Crowding Out the Forest The exports of pulpwood from Ontario ports to the United States were, in 1915, 202,239 cords; in 1916, 149,745 cords; in 1917, 161,652 cords; and 1918, 199,421 cords, the great bulk of which was spruce and balsam. A large proportion of this is no doubt from set- tlement lands in process of clearing. Not all this material was cut in Ontario, the Customs returns showing only point of exit from Canada. The amount cut in Quebec and exported through Ontario ports can not be determined from any records available. This point applies of course to New Brunswick as well. A further point with reference to future growth is that large areas of pulwood lands in Northern Ontario, as well as in Northern Quebec, are being cleared up for settlement, and
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