. Cyclopedia of farm crops, a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada;. Farm produce; Agriculture. MUSHROOMS MUSHROOMS 479 kno^n as Morchel, and in French as Morille). In the United States this plant may pass under the name of " sponge mushroom," this fittingly describ- ing the general appearance of the plant, for the morel is of a sponge-like color, and consists of a stem bearing a cap or head, which is thrown into folds or wrinkles, also suggesting very much the struc- ture of a sponge. The plant is two to five inches in height and of very ne
. Cyclopedia of farm crops, a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada;. Farm produce; Agriculture. MUSHROOMS MUSHROOMS 479 kno^n as Morchel, and in French as Morille). In the United States this plant may pass under the name of " sponge mushroom," this fittingly describ- ing the general appearance of the plant, for the morel is of a sponge-like color, and consists of a stem bearing a cap or head, which is thrown into folds or wrinkles, also suggesting very much the struc- ture of a sponge. The plant is two to five inches in height and of very neat ap- pearance. It is found chiefly in open woods, though it may also extend into grassy places and orchards. Its season in the United States is from late April to early June, and in a particu- lar locality it may come and disappear within a single week. It must therefore be sought as the earliest edible mushroom. With the exception of the truffle, more- over, it is con- sidered by the French the greatest delicacy among mushrooms, and it commands on the markets of Paris a price several times that of the cultivated mushroom. Truffles and other subterranean forms. Trufllles are the fruit bodies, or sporophores, of subterranean fungi belonging to the family Tuber- acece, of the class Ascomycetes. There are only six or seven species which, because of size and quality, may be considered of economic importance. These are all classed in the genus Tuber, as are also many small species. The black or winter truffle {Tuber melanosporum, Fig. 711) is particularly abundant in France. It is preeminently, the truffle of commerce, and con- stitutes most of the best exported product. It is sometimes known as the Perigord truffle, and has made famous the markets of Perigord and Carpen- tras. This species has a wonderful aroma and flavor. Tuber cestivum, the summer triffle, occurs also in southern France, but chiefly in parts of cen- tral Prance. The next important species is T. magnatum, a larg
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