Report of first expedition to South America, 1913 . sterior edge; the seventh bearson the edge a continuous comb-like series of very many tiny booklets and theeighth four equidistant small spines. At the apex of the abdomen is a pair of stout^upwardly directed claws or hooks. The ventral segments bear two small hookson each side of the posterior margin of the fourth and fifth segments, and one on eachside of the margin. One specimen, collected at Matucana, Peru, at an altitudeof 7,300 feet. Concerning the affinities of this peculiar pupa there appearsto be much doubt, but it must undoubtedly b
Report of first expedition to South America, 1913 . sterior edge; the seventh bearson the edge a continuous comb-like series of very many tiny booklets and theeighth four equidistant small spines. At the apex of the abdomen is a pair of stout^upwardly directed claws or hooks. The ventral segments bear two small hookson each side of the posterior margin of the fourth and fifth segments, and one on eachside of the margin. One specimen, collected at Matucana, Peru, at an altitudeof 7,300 feet. Concerning the affinities of this peculiar pupa there appearsto be much doubt, but it must undoubtedly belong to thegenus Simulium or to some hitherto unknown genus. Asidefrom the extraordinary respiratory organs, the cocoon, theform of the body and the armature of the abdomen are typi-cally Simuhum-like. It is to be hoped that in the near futuresome one may be able to rear the adult. Pupa No. 4 Length mm. Pupa of still another type with the respiratory organs in theform of balloon-shaped sacs (Fig. 9 Text), one at each side of the thorax in the. Fig. 9. — Simulium pupa, No. 4. Ventral view of anterior portion. usual position. Viewed from the ventral side, these are subtriangular in form, eachsomewhat broader than the anterior margin of the body and narrowed to a very INSECT TRANSMISSION OF VERRUGA 171 short, circular pedicel at the point of attachment to the body. Near the base eachbears two much smaller poUiciform projections, one lateral and the other ventral;about the apex is a crown of slender filaments, similar to the twigs of the usualrespiratory organ, which marks the large, convex, more or less circular apical are of variable length, and very rarely branched. The third and fourthdorsal abdominal segments each bear along the posterior edge the usual series offour booklets on each side of the middle; the sixth and seventh bear along theposterior edge a comb-like series of close-set tiny booklets, which become obsoletelaterall}. The apex of the abdomen b
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