. A text-book of animal physiology, with introductory chapters on general biology and a full treatment of reproduction ... Physiology, Comparative. Fig. 484. Fia. 485. Fig. 484.—Laryngoscopio view of the glottis during emission of high-pitched notes (Le Bon). 1, 2, base of tongue; 3, 4, epiglottis ; 5, 6, pharynx ; 7, arytenoid cartilages; 8, opening between true vocal cords ; 9, aryteno-epigfottidean folds ; 10, cartilage of Santorini; 11, cuneiform cartilage ; 12, superior vocal cords; 13, inferior vocal cords (bands). Fig. 485.—Glottis as seen by laryngoscope during production of chest-voic
. A text-book of animal physiology, with introductory chapters on general biology and a full treatment of reproduction ... Physiology, Comparative. Fig. 484. Fia. 485. Fig. 484.—Laryngoscopio view of the glottis during emission of high-pitched notes (Le Bon). 1, 2, base of tongue; 3, 4, epiglottis ; 5, 6, pharynx ; 7, arytenoid cartilages; 8, opening between true vocal cords ; 9, aryteno-epigfottidean folds ; 10, cartilage of Santorini; 11, cuneiform cartilage ; 12, superior vocal cords; 13, inferior vocal cords (bands). Fig. 485.—Glottis as seen by laryngoscope during production of chest-voice (after Mandl and Griitzner). vocal bands in the production of the falsetto as compared with the chest voice. As has been suggested, in the higher tones of the falsetto, the vocal bands are shortened and come together posteriorly, at all events; and this may be produced largely by the action of the thyro-arytenoideus internus, and possibly several other mus- cles. There is little doubt that the whole breadth of the bands does not share in the vibrations. In many of its features, the high falsetto of the male voice is allied in production to the head-voice of females, in which only the central parts of the bands seem, in the highest notes, to be involved. In nearly all previous considerations of this topic, it seems to us that insufficient attention has been paid to the method of applying the blast of air by the lungs. The great importance of this in playing wind-instruments is practically recognized, yet in our own wind-instrument, the most perfect of all, it has received too little practical, and still less theoretical, attention. FathologicaL—The results of the paralysis of the several muscles of the larynx, of the soft palate, etc., throw a certain amount of light upon this subject; it is not to be forgotten, however, that in this instance, as in others, the usual (normal) mechanism may be obscured through adaptations by unusual methods, so that the best is made of a
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