. Elements of modern chemistry . sica. Fig. 116 represents a sec-tion of a Catalan furnace ; itis a trough-shaped masonryfurnace with a hearth. Thematerials are placed in twopiles, side by side, upon a layer of well-ignited charcoal; one pileconsists of charcoal and is next the tuyere; the other is theore, equal to half the quantity of charcoal, and is placed oppo-site. The combustion is sustained by the blast from a ;, which reaches the border of the hearth. The carbondioxide here formed is converted into carbon monoxide by the Fig. 116. IRON. 381 mass of incandescent charcoal, and
. Elements of modern chemistry . sica. Fig. 116 represents a sec-tion of a Catalan furnace ; itis a trough-shaped masonryfurnace with a hearth. Thematerials are placed in twopiles, side by side, upon a layer of well-ignited charcoal; one pileconsists of charcoal and is next the tuyere; the other is theore, equal to half the quantity of charcoal, and is placed oppo-site. The combustion is sustained by the blast from a ;, which reaches the border of the hearth. The carbondioxide here formed is converted into carbon monoxide by the Fig. 116. IRON. 381 mass of incandescent charcoal, and the latter gas reduces theore, again passing into the state of dioxide. Metallic iron isthus formed, and at the same time a portion of the ferricoxide is reduced to ferrous oxide, and combines with thegangue, forming a double, alumino-ferrous silicate, which is veryfusible and constitutes the dag. The reduced iron collects inthe bottom of the hearth in the form of a spongy mass, whichis agglutinated and forged under the Fig. 117. Blast-fimiace Process.—All iron ores may be treated by thismethod. They are crushed and introduced with alternatelayers of limestone and coal into the blast-furnace (Fig. 117).The latter has the form of two cones, the bases of which are 382 ELEMENTS OF MODERN CHEMISTRY. joined together. It is closed at the bottom, and hot air is in-jected through tuyeres to sustain the combustion. It is open atthe top, where it is continually charged with fresh materials, asthe incandescent mass sinks in the furnace and the molten mate-rials are drawn off below. The latter first collect in a cavityplaced below the vent of the tuyere, and separate on thishearth into metal, which sinks to the iDottom, and slag, whichfloats and flows over the edge. When the crucible is full ofmolten metal, the latter is run off into channels made in sandupon the floor of the casting-room. In these rough moulds itsolidifies in bars having a semicircular section, which are calle
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade18, booksubjectchemistry, bookyear1887
