. The anatomy of the domestic animals . Veterinary anatomy. 222 THE ARTICULATIONS OF THE HORSE lar surface of the radius above and the metacarpus below; its deep face is also attached to a considerable extent to the carpal bones and to the small ligaments. Its anterior part, the dorsal carpal ligament, is loose, except during flexion, and assists in forming the fibrous canals for the extensor tendons. Its posterior part, the volar carpal ligament (Lig. carpi volare), is very thick and dense, and is closely attached to the carpal bones. It levels up the irregularities of the skeleton here,
. The anatomy of the domestic animals . Veterinary anatomy. 222 THE ARTICULATIONS OF THE HORSE lar surface of the radius above and the metacarpus below; its deep face is also attached to a considerable extent to the carpal bones and to the small ligaments. Its anterior part, the dorsal carpal ligament, is loose, except during flexion, and assists in forming the fibrous canals for the extensor tendons. Its posterior part, the volar carpal ligament (Lig. carpi volare), is very thick and dense, and is closely attached to the carpal bones. It levels up the irregularities of the skeleton here, and forms the smooth anterior wall of the carpal canal. It is continued downward to form the subcarpal or inferior check ligament, which blends with the tendon of the deep flexor of the digit about the middle of the metacarpus, and may well be regarded as the carpal (tendinous) head of that muscle. The synovial membrane forms three sacs corresponding to the three joints. The radio-carpal sac is the most voluminous; it includes the joints formed by the acces- sory carpal bone, and also those between the proximal carpal bones as far as the interosseous ligaments. The intercarpal sac sends extensions upward and downward between the bones of the two rows as far as the interosseous ligaments; it com- municates between the third and fourth carpal bones with the carpo-metacarpal sac. The latter is very limited in extent, and is closely applied to the bones; it incloses the carpo- metacarpal joint, and lubri- cates also the lower parts of the joints between the distal carpal bones and the inter- metacarpal joints. The lateral ligament (Lig. carpi collaterale ulnare) is at- tached above to the lateral tuberosity of the distal end of the radius. Its long superficial part is attached below to the proximal end of the lateral small metacarpal chiefly, but some fibers end on the large metacarpal bone. A canal for the lateral extensor tendon separates a short deep band which ends on the ulna
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