. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 120 PAPER BIRCH Betula alba var. papyrifera, (Marshall) Spach FOEM-A large tree umially attaining a height of 60-76 ft. with a diameter of 1-2 ft.; but may reach a height of 80 ft, with a diameter of 8 feet. Trunk In open grown tree, 'hort and covered nearly to the base with Uteral, often awjendlng branchea; In dose atanda branchlesa below and bearing a narrow open head. BARK—On trunk and older branchea chalky to creamy white and peeling off In thin fllm- llke layers which are tinged with yellow and oov«red with ho
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 120 PAPER BIRCH Betula alba var. papyrifera, (Marshall) Spach FOEM-A large tree umially attaining a height of 60-76 ft. with a diameter of 1-2 ft.; but may reach a height of 80 ft, with a diameter of 8 feet. Trunk In open grown tree, 'hort and covered nearly to the base with Uteral, often awjendlng branchea; In dose atanda branchlesa below and bearing a narrow open head. BARK—On trunk and older branchea chalky to creamy white and peeling off In thin fllm- llke layers which are tinged with yellow and oov«red with horiaonUUy-elongated lentloela. On older trunka rough and often fissured Into Irregular thick scales. TWIGS—Bather stout, somewhat viscid, decidedly hairy, at first greenish, later becoming smooth, reddish-brown and after several year., bright white, like the trunk, covered with pale, horlaontally-elongated. orange-colored lentlcels. BUDS—Alternate, ©vate. shaip-polnted, divergent, about i of an Inch long, dark chestnut- brown m color, covered by a few overUpplng bud-scales with downy margins. LEAVES—Alternate, simple, ovate. 2-8 Inches long, li-2 Inches wide, rather firm In texture; upper surface dark green, under surface light green; narrowed or rounded at the base, sharply toothed on the margin and sharp-pointed at the apex. LEAF-SOABS—See "Leaf-Scars" under Black Birch, page 124. ELOWEBft-Appear In April or May before the leaves. The stamlnate are arranged in amenta, which occur In groups of 2-3 and are about M* Inches long, becoming 3M Inches long in spring. The plstUlate have Ught green lanceolate scalea and bright red styles, and are arranged In clusters about 1-1 i Inches long. FEXTIT—A cylindrical, short-stalked strobile about 1| Inches long. Scales long, vrith thick Uteral lobes and a rather long terminal lobe. Seeds are smaU and winged. Wings are wider than the nut. WOOD—DiiTuse-porouB: rays small and inconspicuous; light, strong, hard, Ught b
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