. Dairy farming : being the theory, practice, and methods of dairying. Dairy farms; Dairy plants; Milk plants. SHORTHORN CATTLE. 11 in pi-osumin;^: tliat many Ijroedors, whose names unfortuuuk'ly have not been handed down to us, greatly assisted nature in the improvemcut and development of this noble race of cattle. Be this as it may, however, we have no clear records of any systematic attempts at improvement having- been made earlier than the eighteenth century. Yet the country was not wholly asleep in those days that seem now to us so torpid ; progress, or the foundation for it, was being su
. Dairy farming : being the theory, practice, and methods of dairying. Dairy farms; Dairy plants; Milk plants. SHORTHORN CATTLE. 11 in pi-osumin;^: tliat many Ijroedors, whose names unfortuuuk'ly have not been handed down to us, greatly assisted nature in the improvemcut and development of this noble race of cattle. Be this as it may, however, we have no clear records of any systematic attempts at improvement having- been made earlier than the eighteenth century. Yet the country was not wholly asleep in those days that seem now to us so torpid ; progress, or the foundation for it, was being surely though slowly and obscurely made. Whether by art or nature, or both these combinetl, the Teeswater cattle were celebrated many centuries ago as yielding, under generous treatment, larger quan- tities of milk than any other breed of cattle yet known in these islands. Though late to mature, they afterwards laid on flesh rapidly, and fattened into heavy weights of coarse - grained, dark - coloured flesh, whose flavour was inferior to that of the smaller breeds of cattle. They had coarse heads, with short stubby horns, heavy masculine necks, high coarse shoul- ders, flat sides, wide hips, long rumps, and thick thighs loaded with flesh. They were, as now, of various colours—deep red, pure white, red and white, roan, and not uncom- monly light dun and j'ellow-red. An ancient record, which is said to be still preserved in Durham, states that cattle of great excellence existed in that county so long ago as the middle of the fifteenth century. And a tra- dition was current a hundred years ago among the breeders of Durham and Yorkshire that a superior race of Shorthorns had existed on the estates of the earls and dukes of Northumberland since the latter part of the sixteenth century. It is very much to be regretted that the early history of Shorthorns rests on nothing more solid than tradition. Sir Hugh Smithson, who had married the heiress of that great family, and was raised to
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