A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . Fig. 5y. — Knight of theFirst Crusade. Minia-ture in a manuscript intlie British Museum.(From Louandre.) THE LEADEHüUIP OF FHANCE. 129. Fig. fiO. — Window ill the Catlifilnil uf Cliartres. Tliirteeuth century. A a banner to a Crusader, known by the sign on his breast. (FromGailhabaud.) Vol. IX.—9 130 )yESTEI{X CIVILIZATION FROM lo.:u TO n.:o. under the increasing pressure of Rome, or, more correctly, France,Germany required a new unification and closer concentration of herstrength. There could


A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . Fig. 5y. — Knight of theFirst Crusade. Minia-ture in a manuscript intlie British Museum.(From Louandre.) THE LEADEHüUIP OF FHANCE. 129. Fig. fiO. — Window ill the Catlifilnil uf Cliartres. Tliirteeuth century. A a banner to a Crusader, known by the sign on his breast. (FromGailhabaud.) Vol. IX.—9 130 )yESTEI{X CIVILIZATION FROM lo.:u TO n.:o. under the increasing pressure of Rome, or, more correctly, France,Germany required a new unification and closer concentration of herstrength. There could scarcely be a greater contrast than that between thedespondent spirit then j)revailing in (ierniany and that of Romanismreiuicing in its triumphant elevation. The enn)ire was looked on assubdued and doomed to luiii, and even the best of its clergy saw noway of escape from the universal misery except by flight from the?world. The palm of intellectual supremacy, indisputably (iermanin the age of the Ottos, had passed to the cloisters and schools ofFrance. But i^recisely in tliis latter domain the way was being paved fora change decisively affecting the church, and especially the were being made i


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