. Railway maintenance engineering, with notes on construction . Fig. RAILS 125 of this is placed a quantity of charcoal. Then, through suitablepiping, an air blast is directed in numerous jets upon the char-coal, which is burned thereby, the combustion supplying additionalheat to the top of the ingot, which helps to keep the top fluidand to retard its sohdification, while the lower parts are rapidly. Fig. 73,—Sections of Ingots. A, Hadfield Ingot; B, Piped Ingot. losing heat by its transfer to the mold. This ensures ingotsfree from unsoundness, blowholes, piping, or segregation. Fig. 73 compar
. Railway maintenance engineering, with notes on construction . Fig. RAILS 125 of this is placed a quantity of charcoal. Then, through suitablepiping, an air blast is directed in numerous jets upon the char-coal, which is burned thereby, the combustion supplying additionalheat to the top of the ingot, which helps to keep the top fluidand to retard its sohdification, while the lower parts are rapidly. Fig. 73,—Sections of Ingots. A, Hadfield Ingot; B, Piped Ingot. losing heat by its transfer to the mold. This ensures ingotsfree from unsoundness, blowholes, piping, or segregation. Fig. 73 compares an ingot (A) made by the Hadfield methodwith an ordinary rail ingot (B). A sulphur print taken ofone half face of the Hadfield ingot indicated very uniform dis-tribution of the constituents in the metal and practical freedomfrom segregation, while, as would be expected, the ordinary 126 RAILWAY MAINTENANCE ingot, with its pronounced pipe, showed marked segregationof carbon, phosphorus and sulphur in the piped region to adepth of 25 per cent from the top of the ingot, and other regionsof somewhat varying composition. The manganese showed butshght segregation anywhere. The Pennsylvania Railroad has ordered 100 tons of ingotsmade by the Hadfield process for the purpose of rolling theseinto rails. It may be mentioned that the discard with these ingotsis remarkably small and about one-half th
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1915
