. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. r and order of the over-tones which accompany it, we are accustomedto speak of these modifications without being conscious of their the qualities of sound; an indefinite term, which ought to be replacedby a better. Instead of quality, the French say timbre, the stamp orthe ring; and the G-ermans, still better. Klangfarbe, sound color. It is a curious fact that the notes which we call brilliant owe theirKlangfarbe to overtones related to the fundamental, as the odd numbers,three, five, seven, &c; whi
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. r and order of the over-tones which accompany it, we are accustomedto speak of these modifications without being conscious of their the qualities of sound; an indefinite term, which ought to be replacedby a better. Instead of quality, the French say timbre, the stamp orthe ring; and the G-ermans, still better. Klangfarbe, sound color. It is a curious fact that the notes which we call brilliant owe theirKlangfarbe to overtones related to the fundamental, as the odd numbers,three, five, seven, &c; while dull or muffled tones, such, for those of stopped organ-pipes, derive their character from overtoneshaving ratios derived from two and its powers, four, eight, and so brilliancy of the piano-forte is obtained by causing the hammersto strike the strings at a point about one-seventh of the total lengthfrom the end. The contrast of character between the note thus pro-duced and that which is obtained by striking the string in the middleis very strongly ACOUSTICS HELMHOLTZS RESONATOR. 503 When the air within a confined space, as a tube, is set into vibration,there is produced a clang, and not a tone. The fundamental tone in theclang- is that which corresponds to the smallest number of vibrationsper second of which the mass of air is capable. In an ordinary organpipe it is almost impossible to produce a tone without a clang. It canonly be accomplished in the case of stopped pipes of large cross sectionfeebly blown. But Helmholtz has found that a spherical or nearly spheri-cal cavity, or a wide and short cylin-drical tube narrowed at the end, willhave a strong fundamental tone ordina-rily heard alone; and that the over-tones of such a cavity are excited withdifficulty, and when excited are veryfaint. Upon this fact rests the con-struction of the resonator, which isshown in the accompanying figure. Thisis nearly spherical in form, having anopening on one
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, booksubjectmachinery, booksubjectscientificappa
