. A system of medicine, by many writers; . a secondand inverted cylinder containing water. By means of pulleys and weightsan equilibrium is established, and a pipe is passed from the air cylinder through a drying-box to a maskfitting the patients mouth ; throughthis he respires the air, which can berarefied or condensed by raising orlowering the cylinder in the is done in the first instance bydrawing off water, in the second byplacing weights on the cylinder. Some apparatus, like Cubes andSchitzlers second form, are double,and consist of two cylinders, one forcondensing and the othe
. A system of medicine, by many writers; . a secondand inverted cylinder containing water. By means of pulleys and weightsan equilibrium is established, and a pipe is passed from the air cylinder through a drying-box to a maskfitting the patients mouth ; throughthis he respires the air, which can berarefied or condensed by raising orlowering the cylinder in the is done in the first instance bydrawing off water, in the second byplacing weights on the cylinder. Some apparatus, like Cubes andSchitzlers second form, are double,and consist of two cylinders, one forcondensing and the other for rarefyingthe air; thus, by changing the tubeconnections, expiration into a rarefiedatmosphere can be followed by theinspiration of condensed air. Others,as Biederts and Eraenkels, containa kind of leathern bellows to compressor rarefy the air as required. Fraen-kels ingenious instrument resemblesa concertina with a tube and mouthpiece; it is simple and cheap, andcan be worked by the patient himself. The obvious objections to it are. Fig. 17.—Fraenkels Apparatus. ARTIFICIAL AERO-THERAPEUTICS 309 the contracted attitude of the patient, and the impossibility of regulatingthe pressure. Lastly, the principle of the centrifugal pump is adopted in Giegeland Mayers machine, which seems the most complete apparatus of all;in it air, compressed or rarefied by the action of water, is stored up ina central reservoir. By the simultaneous use of two apparatuses placed in communica-tion with the mouth of the patient by means of two flexible tubes anda double respiratory valve, and by maintaining the constancy and con-tinuity, a simultaneous rarefaction and condensation of the air can beestablished, which enables the patient to inspire compressed air and toexpire into rarefied by one and the same expiratory act. For furtherparticulars of this apparatus the reader is referred to Oertels articleon Respiratory Therapeutics, in the 3rd vol. of Ziemssen^s Handbookof Geyieral Therapeutics. On
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