. Electric railway journal . be maintained,promotions facilitated and em-ployment made more idea of securing the great-est permanence of service is per-haps the most important veterans are an asset to anyinstitution. The purpose is farremoved from any desire to be —charitable to the jobless, helpless, homeless, incomelessand propertyless old man of fifty, as Rubinow Industrial pension systems now in operation in theUnited States do not limit the pension to those who arein need, but grant it to every employee who retires afterthe specified term of service a


. Electric railway journal . be maintained,promotions facilitated and em-ployment made more idea of securing the great-est permanence of service is per-haps the most important veterans are an asset to anyinstitution. The purpose is farremoved from any desire to be —charitable to the jobless, helpless, homeless, incomelessand propertyless old man of fifty, as Rubinow Industrial pension systems now in operation in theUnited States do not limit the pension to those who arein need, but grant it to every employee who retires afterthe specified term of service at the designated pensionage, without reference to the financial condition of suchemployee, his income, dependence or his familys needs. Survey of Present Pension PracticeAvailable data as to the expansion of the pensionmovement are impressive. A review of the field2 indi-cates a definite tendency to more liberal pension pro-visions, but unfortunately, also an utter disregard ofthe first principles of financing such James D. Mortimer, chairman of thecommittee on social relations, presentedat the last convention a most thoroughreport on life, health and accident insur-ance under electric railway committees report at Boston isequally instructive. ♦Abstract of a report presented before the American Electric-Railway Association at Boston. Mass., Feb. 16, —Social Insurance, page 302. -A chronological survey of pension movement may be obtainedby reference in order to Twenty-Third Annual Report, 1908, UnitedStates Commissioner of Labor; Workmens Insurance BenefitFunds in the United States ; Senate Document 427, Sixty-firstCongress, second session, March 11, 1910, Pension Funds forMunicipal Employees and Railroad Pension Systems in the UnitedStates ; Lee W. Squires—Old-Age Dependency in the UnitedStates, 1912; I. M. Rubinow—Social Insurance. 1913: TenthAnnual Report—The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement ofTeaching. 1915, and The Pro


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