. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. and Club-Mosses. Vertebrates, too, are here,—KsAes resembling the Shark and Sturgeon. 130. In the Devonian Desmids abound ; Perns and Club-Mosses In- crease. Gymnosperms appear,—trees resembling the Pines. Fishes so abound that this is called the Age of Fishes. Insects appear. At the close of the Devonian period New York State arose above the seas. 131. The Ghrboniferous, period ex- hibits the most magnificent vegetation the earth has ever known During this time Nature pro
. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. and Club-Mosses. Vertebrates, too, are here,—KsAes resembling the Shark and Sturgeon. 130. In the Devonian Desmids abound ; Perns and Club-Mosses In- crease. Gymnosperms appear,—trees resembling the Pines. Fishes so abound that this is called the Age of Fishes. Insects appear. At the close of the Devonian period New York State arose above the seas. 131. The Ghrboniferous, period ex- hibits the most magnificent vegetation the earth has ever known During this time Nature produced and stored up her supply of coal for man, "al- though he was not to appear for mil- lions of years. More than half the plants that make our coal-measures ai-e fossil ferns. The Tree-Ferns, Horsetails, and Club - Mosses were giants. One of the Club-Mosses, the Lepidodendron (Fig. 84), was more Fig. 84.—Fragment of fossil iepi- dodenfh-on; leaf-scara spirally ar- ranged. than 60 feet high and 4 feet in diameter. The Sigillaria (Fig. 85), allied to the Club-Moss, prophesied the Cycas. Ancient Time, through all its periods, shows slow growth, great quiet, and mild, uniform temperature. At its close tre- mendous geologic convulsions took place, and the extermina- tion of life was complete. The Appalachian Mountain chain rose above the seas from New York to Alabama; the Ural chain in Europe. 132. Middle Time has three periods : 1. Triassic (L. trias, three), rooks sometimes in three layers. 2. Jurassic, from the Jura Alps. 3. Cretaceous (L. creta, chalk), from the chalk-beds of Europe. 133. In the Triassic and Jurassic periods Club-Mosses and Perns di- minish to their present size and number. The Cycads reach their greatest size, and exceed all other plants in number. Pines increase. ENnoaENS appear,—Lilies, Grasses, Pond-weeds, and Screw-Pines. Reptiles abound; flying dragons, more hideous than the fabled one slain by St. George. Insects come in. Birds appear, but
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